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Indian milk-vetch, southern milk-vetch, subarctic milk-vetch

kentrophyta, Nuttall's kentrophyta, spiny milk-vetch, thistle milk-vetch

Habit Plants (10–)20–40(–50) cm, from superficial caudex, silky-strigose, villous, or villous-tomentose, hairs basifixed. Plants often mat- or cushion-forming, sometimes suffruticose basally, 15–45 cm, usually strigulose, sometimes villosulous or villous, hairs basifixed or malpighian; from caudex bearing stolonlike, creeping stems.
Stems

ascending, decumbent, or sprawling, silky-strigose, villous, or villous-tomentose.

prostrate, decumbent, spreading, or erect, compact to elongate, usually strigulose, sometimes villosulous or villous.

Leaves

(1–)2–7(–10) cm;

stipules clasping with margins touching but distinct or shortly connate at proximal nodes, distinct at distal nodes, (1–)2–7(–11) mm, often veined, semileathery;

leaflet blades linear, lanceolate, oblong, elliptic, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 3–33(–35) mm, apex acute, subacute, or obtuse, surfaces glabrous, glabrate, or pubescent.

(0.2–)0.4–2.6 cm;

stipules connate-sheathing, sometimes distinct at distal nodes, 1–12 mm, scarious throughout, or herbaceous becoming papery, or stiff and spiny, apex acuminate, spinulose, or callous-mucronate;

leaflets (3 or)5–9, blades decurrent, continuous with rachis, linear to narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, (1–)3–15(–17) mm, apex spinulose, surfaces usually strigose, rarely glabrous adaxially.

Racemes

densely or loosely 6–40-flowered;

axis 1.5–15 cm in fruit, elongating little after flowering;

bracts 1.2–5 mm;

bracteoles 0.

1–3-flowered, flowers declined;

axis to 0.5 cm in fruit;

bracts 0.8–3.5 mm;

bracteoles 0.

Peduncles

usually erect, rarely humistrate in fruit, (2–)2.5–15 cm, equal to or longer than subtending leaf, together with racemes usually shorter than stems.

subobsolete or 0.1–0.6(–3) cm.

Pedicels

0.8–2.2 mm 1.2–3.5 mm in fruit.

0.5–2 mm.

Flowers

7–13.8(–14.5) mm;

calyx 3.7–6.4 mm, villous or strigulose, tube 2.4–5 mm, lobes subulate, (1–)1.1–4 mm;

corolla white to purplish or creamy white;

wing apex bidentate;

keel (6.1–)6.7–9.6 mm, shorter than wings.

(3.9–)4–10 mm;

calyx (2–)2.4–8.3 mm, strigose, tube 1.2–2.8(–3.3) mm, lobes subulate, setaceous, or spinulose, (0.5–)1.4–5 mm;

corolla usually pink-purple or whitish, sometimes pink-, lilac-, or purple-tinged;

banner recurved through 45°;

keel 3–6 mm.

Legumes

green, often with red or purple, becoming stramineous, ± straight or slightly curved abaxially, convex adaxially, not sulcate, obliquely ellipsoid, semi-ellipsoid, or narrowly oblong, laterally compressed, 10–30 × 3–9(–11) mm, papery, translucent, usually glabrous, sometimes strigose, hyaline septum 0–0.6 mm wide;

stipe 2.5–8[–10] mm.

declined or spreading, stramineous, straight or slightly curved, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, lenticular, ovoid, ovoid-lenticular, lanceoloid-ellipsoid, or lanceoloid-acuminate, laterally compressed, 3–10 × (0.6–)1.4–4 mm, papery, strigose;

sessile.

Seeds

8–16.

2–8.

Astragalus australis

Astragalus kentrophyta

Distribution
from USDA
w North America; Eurasia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 5 (4 in the flora).

Astragalus australis is circumboreal and highly variable but with no intraspecific taxa recognized in a recent revision of Old World species (D. Podlech and S. Zarre 2013); Asiatic plants pass under several epithets (S. L. Welsh 2007). Differences among variants are in some instances part of a continuum; others are haphazard. The following key includes only the most conspicuous morphological variants and, even then, all specimens will not be included satisfactorily in one taxon or another.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 9 (9 in the flora).

The varieties of Astragalus kentrophyta are distinguished from other astragali by the few leaflets continuous with the leafstalk while blades are simultaneously apically mucronate or spinulose, and by their racemes, usually subsessile in leaf axils, bearing one to three small flowers. There are two major groups: alpine or upper elevation, prostrate-matted to pulvinate-depressed plants, usually with bright purple flowers and basifixed hairs, with five to eight seeds; and lower elevation forms that range from prostrate to bushy and ascending, with white or lavender flowers, hairs sometimes malpighian, and two to five ovules. With the exception of the widespread var. tegetarius, the varieties are largely allopatric.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers (10.5–)11.5–13.8(–14.5) mm; calyces (4.7–)4.8–6.5 mm; wc, n Alaska, n Yukon.
var. lepagei
1. Flowers 7.5–12.5 mm; calyces 4–8.4 mm; Yukon eastward to Quebec, southward to Nevada, New Mexico, and South Dakota.
→ 2
2. Leaves mostly petiolate, sometimes sessile distally; n, sw Yukon.
var. muriei
2. Leaves sessile or subsessile; British Columbia eastward to Quebec, southward to Nevada and New Mexico.
→ 3
3. Legumes 3–7(–9) mm wide, usually not, or not much, bladdery-inflated; peduncles (2–)6.5–15 cm; British Columbia eastward to Quebec, southward to Nevada and New Mexico.
var. glabriusculus
3. Legumes 7–9(–11) mm wide, bladdery-inflated; peduncles 3–6.5 cm; Olympic Mountains, Washington.
var. olympicus
1. Hairs basifixed; seeds (3–)5–8; corollas purple, purplish, or whitish and keel purple or pink- or purplish-tipped.
→ 2
2. Leaflets (3–)5–9, blades 1–9 mm; plants form­ing cushions 5–40(–50) cm wide; widespread, extending into California only to Inyo and White mountains and c High Sierra Nevada.
var. tegetarius
2. Leaflets 3(–7), blades 3–7 mm; plants forming cushions to 15 cm wide; sc Sierra Nevada, California.
var. danaus
1. Hairs malpighian or basifixed; seeds 2–4(–8); corollas whitish, keel apices sometimes pink or lilac-tinged or purplish (except pink-purple in var. coloradoensis, rarely in var. elatus).
→ 3
3. Calyces 6–8.3 mm, lobes 3.4–5 mm; legumes (5–)7–10 × 2.8–4 mm; seeds 4–8; canyons of Colorado River in nc Arizona and sc Utah.
var. coloradoensis
3. Calyces 2.4–5.2 mm, lobes 0.7–3 mm; legumes 3–7(–7.5) × 1.4–3.8 mm; seeds 2–4; California to Alberta, eastward to New Mexico and South Dakota.
→ 4
4. Legumes ovoid-lenticular, ovoid, or len­ticular.
→ 5
5. Stipules uniform, connate to 1/2 their lengths, spinulose; calyx lobes 0.7–1.5 mm; n New Mexico.
var. neomexicanus
5. Stipules dimorphic, those at most proximal nodes connate into short, bidentate sheath, those at distal nodes longer, connate at base only, lanceolate or lanceolate-acuminate, often without spines; calyx lobes 1.4–3 mm; North Dakota west to Alberta, southward to Colorado and Oregon.
→ 6
6. Leaflet blades glabrous or glabres­cent adaxially, pubescent abaxially, hairs basifixed or obscurely mal­pighian; legumes (3.5–)4–7 × 2.4–3.8 mm; s Wyoming east of Con­tinental Divide to Alberta and Sas­katchewan, southward to Col­orado, South Dakota, and w Nebraska.
var. kentrophyta
6. Leaflet blades pubescent, hairs mal­pighian; legumes 3–4.5 × 1.4–2 mm; sw Wyoming, ne Utah to se Oregon.
var. jessiae
4. Legumes ovoid-acuminate, lanceoloid, or lanceoloid-acuminate.
→ 7
7. Plants usually erect or assurgent, rarely trailing, often bushy, sometimes mat-forming; Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming.
var. elatus
7. Plants prostrate, mat- or cushion-forming; California, e, c Nevada, Oregon, se Washington.
→ 8
8. Hairs basifixed; calyx lobes 2.3–3 mm; Oregon, se Washington.
var. douglasii
8. Hairs malpighian; calyx lobes 1.8–2.6 mm; California, Nevada.
var. ungulatus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Hemiphragmium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Astragalus > sect. Ervoidei
Sibling taxa
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. canadensis, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kentrophyta, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis
A. accidens, A. accumbens, A. ackermanii, A. acutirostris, A. adanus, A. aequalis, A. agnicidus, A. agrestis, A. albens, A. albulus, A. allochrous, A. alpinus, A. altus, A. alvordensis, A. amblytropis, A. americanus, A. amnis-amissi, A. amphioxys, A. ampullarioides, A. ampullarius, A. andersonii, A. anisus, A. anserinus, A. applegatei, A. aquilonius, A. aretioides, A. argophyllus, A. aridus, A. arizonicus, A. arrectus, A. arthurii, A. asclepiadoides, A. asotinensis, A. asymmetricus, A. atratus, A. atropubescens, A. atwoodii, A. austiniae, A. australis, A. barnebyi, A. barrii, A. beathii, A. beatleyae, A. beckwithii, A. bernardinus, A. bibullatus, A. bicristatus, A. bisulcatus, A. bodinii, A. bolanderi, A. bourgovii, A. brandegeei, A. brauntonii, A. brazoensis, A. breweri, A. californicus, A. callithrix, A. calycosus, A. camptopus, A. canadensis, A. caricinus, A. casei, A. castaneiformis, A. castetteri, A. ceramicus, A. cerussatus, A. chamaeleuce, A. chamaemeniscus, A. chinensis, A. chloödes, A. chuskanus, A. cibarius, A. cicer, A. cimae, A. claranus, A. clevelandii, A. cliffordii, A. cobrensis, A. coccineus, A. collinus, A. coltonii, A. columbianus, A. concordius, A. congdonii, A. conjunctus, A. consobrinus, A. contortuplicatus, A. convallarius, A. cottamii, A. crassicarpus, A. cremnophylax, A. cronquistii, A. crotalariae, A. curtipes, A. curvicarpus, A. cusickii, A. cutleri, A. cyaneus, A. cymboides, A. deanei, A. debequaeus, A. desereticus, A. desperatus, A. deterior, A. detritalis, A. diaphanus, A. didymocarpus, A. distortus, A. diversifolius, A. douglasii, A. drabelliformis, A. drummondii, A. duchesnensis, A. eastwoodiae, A. egglestonii, A. emoryanus, A. endopterus, A. ensiformis, A. episcopus, A. equisolensis, A. eremiticus, A. ertterae, A. eucosmus, A. eurekensis, A. eurylobus, A. falcatus, A. feensis, A. filipes, A. flavus, A. flexuosus, A. fucatus, A. funereus, A. gambelianus, A. geyeri, A. gibbsii, A. giganteus, A. gilensis, A. gilmanii, A. gilviflorus, A. glycyphyllos, A. gracilis, A. grayi, A. gypsodes, A. hallii, A. hamiltonii, A. harrisonii, A. heilii, A. henrimontanensis, A. holmgreniorum, A. hoodianus, A. hornii, A. howellii, A. humillimus, A. humistratus, A. hyalinus, A. hypoxylus, A. inflexus, A. insularis, A. inversus, A. inyoensis, A. iodanthus, A. iodopetalus, A. iselyi, A. jaegerianus, A. jejunus, A. johannis-howellii, A. kelseyae, A. kerrii, A. knightii, A. laccoliticus, A. lancearius, A. laxmannii, A. layneae, A. leibergii, A. lemmonii, A. lentiformis, A. lentiginosus, A. leptaleus, A. leptocarpus, A. leucolobus, A. limnocharis, A. lindheimeri, A. linifolius, A. loanus, A. lonchocarpus, A. lotiflorus, A. lutosus, A. lyallii, A. macrodon, A. magdalenae, A. malacoides, A. malacus, A. megacarpus, A. michauxii, A. microcymbus, A. microcystis, A. microlobium, A. micromerius, A. miguelensis, A. minthorniae, A. misellus, A. miser, A. missouriensis, A. moencoppensis, A. mohavensis, A. mollissimus, A. molybdenus, A. monoensis, A. montii, A. monumentalis, A. mulfordiae, A. multiflorus, A. musiniensis, A. naturitensis, A. neglectus, A. nelsonianus, A. neomexicanus, A. nevinii, A. newberryi, A. nidularius, A. nothoxys, A. nudisiliquus, A. nutans, A. nutriosensis, A. nuttallianus, A. nuttallii, A. nutzotinensis, A. nyensis, A. obcordatus, A. obscurus, A. oniciformis, A. oocalycis, A. oocarpus, A. oophorus, A. oreganus, A. osterhoutii, A. oxyphysus, A. pachypus, A. palmeri, A. panamintensis, A. pardalinus, A. parryi, A. pattersonii, A. pauperculus, A. paysonii, A. peckii, A. pectinatus, A. perianus, A. phoenix, A. pictiformis, A. pinonis, A. piscator, A. piutensis, A. plattensis, A. platytropis, A. polaris, A. pomonensis, A. porrectus, A. praelongus, A. preussii, A. proimanthus, A. proximus, A. pseudiodanthus, A. pterocarpus, A. pubentissimus, A. pulsiferae, A. puniceus, A. purshii, A. pycnostachyus, A. racemosus, A. rafaelensis, A. rattanii, A. ravenii, A. recurvus, A. reflexus, A. remotus, A. reventiformis, A. reventus, A. riparius, A. ripleyi, A. robbinsii, A. rusbyi, A. sabulonum, A. sabulosus, A. salmonis, A. saurinus, A. scaphoides, A. schmolliae, A. sclerocarpus, A. scopulorum, A. sepultipes, A. serenoi, A. sericoleucus, A. serpens, A. sesquiflorus, A. sheldonii, A. shevockii, A. shortianus, A. siliceus, A. simplicifolius, A. sinuatus, A. solitarius, A. sophoroides, A. soxmaniorum, A. spaldingii, A. sparsiflorus, A. spatulatus, A. speirocarpus, A. straturensis, A. striatiflorus, A. subcinereus, A. subvestitus, A. succumbens, A. tegetarioides, A. tener, A. tennesseensis, A. tephrodes, A. terminalis, A. tetrapterus, A. thurberi, A. tibetanus, A. tidestromii, A. tiehmii, A. titanophilus, A. toanus, A. toquimanus, A. tortipes, A. traskiae, A. tricarinatus, A. trichopodus, A. tridactylicus, A. troglodytus, A. tweedyi, A. tyghensis, A. umbellatus, A. umbraticus, A. uncialis, A. utahensis, A. vaccarum, A. vallaris, A. vexilliflexus, A. villosus, A. wardii, A. waterfallii, A. webberi, A. welshii, A. wetherillii, A. whitneyi, A. williamsii, A. wingatanus, A. wittmannii, A. woodruffii, A. wootonii, A. wrightii, A. xiphoides, A. yoderwilliamsii, A. zionis
Subordinate taxa
A. australis var. glabriusculus, A. australis var. lepagei, A. australis var. muriei, A. australis var. olympicus
A. kentrophyta var. coloradoensis, A. kentrophyta var. danaus, A. kentrophyta var. douglasii, A. kentrophyta var. elatus, A. kentrophyta var. jessiae, A. kentrophyta var. kentrophyta, A. kentrophyta var. neomexicanus, A. kentrophyta var. tegetarius, A. kentrophyta var. ungulatus
Synonyms Phaca australis Kentrophyta montana
Name authority (Linnaeus) Lamarck: Fl. Franç. 2: 637. (1779) A. Gray: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15: 60. (1863)
Web links