Flora of North America species comparison

sprawling to erect, branched from bases or ± throughout.

usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal often alternate) or mostly alternate, rarely whorled;

petiolate or sessile;

blades (often 3- or 5-nerved) orbiculate or deltate to lanceolate or linear (and intermediate shapes), sometimes lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often gland-dotted.

mostly cauline; opposite (proximal) or alternate;

petiolate [sessile];

blades 3-nerved, ovate to rhombic or lanceolate, bases cuneate to rounded, margins coarsely toothed, faces glabrous or ± scabrous.

cylindric to hemispheric or rotate.

rotate to hemispheric, 12–20 mm diam.

usually flat or convex, sometimes hemispheric or conic, usually paleate (epaleate in Lagascea; paleae usually falling, sometimes persistent, mostly oblong to linear, often conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, apices sometimes ± 3-lobed or -toothed; becoming hardened perigynia completely investing cypselae in Sclerocarpus).

low-conic, paleate (paleae each closely investing subtended floret, each forming a hard perigynium around a fruit and shed with it).

0 or 5–30(–100+), neuter, or styliferous and sterile;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes partly or wholly brown to purple or red-brown to reddish.

5–8, neuter;

corollas (readily falling) yellow to orange.

1 (Lagascea) or 10–200(–1000+), bisexual, fertile;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown to purple or reddish to red-brown, tubes shorter than or about equaling cylindric or funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (equal);

anther thecae dark or pale;

stigmatic papillae usually continuous.

10–50, bisexual, fertile;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes with purple, tubes much shorter than cylindric throats, lobes 5, lance-linear.

persistent, 4–45(–100+) in 1–6+ series (usually distinct, ± connate in Lagascea, broadly ovate to linear, subequal or unequal).

persistent, 5–8[–21] in 1(–2) series (green, oblong to linear).

0.

usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform (paniculiform or racemiform) arrays (glomerules or second-order heads of 1–2-flowered heads in Lagascea).

radiate, borne singly.

often ± compressed, flattened, biconvex, clavate, columnar, obovoid, obpyramidal, or prismatic (lengths usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles);

pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–)2(–8+) (sometimes aristate) scales and/or awns, sometimes coroniform.

(within perigynia) weakly compressed, obliquely obovoid or arcuate (glabrous);

pappi 0, or coroniform (of distinct or connate scales or bristles).

= 12.