Flora of North America species comparison

erect [ascending to decumbent], branched from bases or ± throughout.

usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal often alternate) or mostly alternate, rarely whorled;

petiolate or sessile;

blades (often 3- or 5-nerved) orbiculate or deltate to lanceolate or linear (and intermediate shapes), sometimes lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often gland-dotted.

cauline; opposite;

petiolate [sessile];

blades 3-nerved, lance-ovate to ovate [lanceolate to oblanceolate], bases broadly cuneate [to subauriculate], margins ± serrate, faces usually sericeous to strigose or glabrate, often stipitate-glandular.

cylindric to hemispheric or rotate.

cylindric, 1–2 mm diam. (glomerules of heads usually subtended by leaves or ± foliaceous bracts).

usually flat or convex, sometimes hemispheric or conic, usually paleate (epaleate in Lagascea; paleae usually falling, sometimes persistent, mostly oblong to linear, often conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, apices sometimes ± 3-lobed or -toothed; becoming hardened perigynia completely investing cypselae in Sclerocarpus).

convex (often hirtellous), rarely paleate (paleae linear).

0 or 5–30(–100+), neuter, or styliferous and sterile;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes partly or wholly brown to purple or red-brown to reddish.

0.

1 (Lagascea) or 10–200(–1000+), bisexual, fertile;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown to purple or reddish to red-brown, tubes shorter than or about equaling cylindric or funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (equal);

anther thecae dark or pale;

stigmatic papillae usually continuous.

1(–2)[–8], bisexual, fertile;

corollas yellow [white, pink, or red], tubes shorter than cylindric to campanulate throats, lobes 5, lance-linear to lance-ovate [rounded-deltate] (often hairy).

persistent, 4–45(–100+) in 1–6+ series (usually distinct, ± connate in Lagascea, broadly ovate to linear, subequal or unequal).

persistent, 4–5[–8+] in ± 1 series (linear-attenuate, proximally connate, often 1 or more with 1[–3+] glands in abaxial face).

0.

usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform (paniculiform or racemiform) arrays (glomerules or second-order heads of 1–2-flowered heads in Lagascea).

discoid, borne in headlike glomerules (of [8–]30–50+, 1(–2)[–8]-flowered heads, glomerules borne singly or in ± corymbiform [racemiform] arrays).

often ± compressed, flattened, biconvex, clavate, columnar, obovoid, obpyramidal, or prismatic (lengths usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles);

pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–)2(–8+) (sometimes aristate) scales and/or awns, sometimes coroniform.

(brown to black) narrowly cylindric to obovoid or clavate (faces glabrous or pilosulous, minutely grooved);

pappi ± coroniform.

= 17.