Flora of North America species comparison

ascending to erect, much branched.

usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal often alternate) or mostly alternate, rarely whorled;

petiolate or sessile;

blades (often 3- or 5-nerved) orbiculate or deltate to lanceolate or linear (and intermediate shapes), sometimes lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often gland-dotted.

mostly cauline; alternate or opposite;

petiolate or sessile;

blades usually 3-nerved (from at or near bases), deltate, deltate-ovate, lanceolate, lance-ovate, or ovate, margins entire or toothed to laciniate, faces hispid, sericeous, or strigillose, often resinous or gland-dotted.

cylindric to hemispheric or rotate.

campulate to hemispheric, (9–14 ×) 4–7 mm.

usually flat or convex, sometimes hemispheric or conic, usually paleate (epaleate in Lagascea; paleae usually falling, sometimes persistent, mostly oblong to linear, often conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, apices sometimes ± 3-lobed or -toothed; becoming hardened perigynia completely investing cypselae in Sclerocarpus).

convex, paleate (paleae tan, conduplicate, apices acute).

0 or 5–30(–100+), neuter, or styliferous and sterile;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes partly or wholly brown to purple or red-brown to reddish.

8–15, neuter;

corollas yellow (2–3-lobed).

1 (Lagascea) or 10–200(–1000+), bisexual, fertile;

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown to purple or reddish to red-brown, tubes shorter than or about equaling cylindric or funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (equal);

anther thecae dark or pale;

stigmatic papillae usually continuous.

40–50+, bisexual, fertile;

corollas yellow, tubes shorter than campanulate throats, lobes 5, triangular (style branches relatively slender, apices acute).

persistent, 4–45(–100+) in 1–6+ series (usually distinct, ± connate in Lagascea, broadly ovate to linear, subequal or unequal).

persistent, 16–28 in 2–3 series (unequal, bases ovate to lance-ovate, indurate, apices abruptly narrowed, herbaceous).

0.

usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform (paniculiform or racemiform) arrays (glomerules or second-order heads of 1–2-flowered heads in Lagascea).

radiate, borne singly or (3–25+) in ± thyrsiform arrays.

often ± compressed, flattened, biconvex, clavate, columnar, obovoid, obpyramidal, or prismatic (lengths usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles);

pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–)2(–8+) (sometimes aristate) scales and/or awns, sometimes coroniform.

(brown to black) ± compressed, ± 3- or 4- angled, often obpyramidal, ± strigose;

pappi persistent, of 2(–6) lacerate, aristate scales (1–2.8 mm) plus (0–)2–6 lacerate scales (0.2–1 mm).

= 18.