Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Galinsoginae
(synonym of Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Galinsoginae)
Tetragonotheca
nerveray
erect.
mostly basal or mostly cauline; usually opposite (distal sometimes alternate);
petiolate or sessile;
blades (often 3- or 5-nerved) mostly deltate, elliptic, lanceolate, lance-ovate, linear, ovate, or rhombic, sometimes pinnately or palmately lobed, ultimate margins entire or ± toothed, faces glabrate, hispid, hispidulous, pilose, puberulent, scabrellous, scabrous, strigillose, or strigose, often gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular.
basal and/or cauline; mostly opposite;
petiolate, subpetiolate, or sessile (bases sometimes connate-perfoliate);
blades lanceolate, ovate, rhombic, or rounded-deltate, sometimes pinnatifid, ultimate margins usually toothed, faces glabrate, sparsely hispidulous, or puberulent, gland-dotted.
campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, or ± obpyramidal.
obpyramidal to hemispheric, 12–25+ mm diam.
flat, convex, or conic, paleate (paleae persistent or falling with cypselae, mostly oblong to lanceolate or linear, flat to conduplicate, herbaceous or scarious, often 2- or 3-lobed or -toothed).
conic, paleate (paleae persistent, lanceolate to lance-ovate, flat or weakly conduplicate, apices acute).
0, or (3–)6–21, pistillate, fertile;
corollas yellow or whitish or pinkish [purplish].
6–21+, pistillate, fertile;
corollas yellow (often with reddish nerves).
5–150+, bisexual, fertile (peripheral sometimes pistillate in Bebbia);
corollas yellow to orange, or whitish, pinkish, or purplish, tubes shorter than throats, lobes 5, deltate to lance-deltate or lanceolate (± equal [outer larger, e.g., some plants of Tridax]);
anther thecae pale or slightly darkened;
stigmatic papillae in 2 lines.
25–150+, bisexual, fertile;
corollas yellow, tubes (basally dilated) much shorter than ampliate, cylindric throats, lobes 5, deltate.
persistent or falling, 6–30+ in 2–5+ series, usually distinct, elliptic, lanceolate, lance-linear, lance-ovate, oblong, or ovate, subequal or unequal (outer longer or shorter).
persistent, 10–25+ in ± 2 series (outer 4 broadly lanceolate, foliaceous, the inner ovate to lanceolate, smaller, more scarious, each subtending a ray floret).
0.
radiate or discoid (sometimes ± disciform in Bebbia), borne singly or in loose to tight, corymbiform or cymiform arrays.
radiate, borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays.
± compressed, often clavate, obconic, or ovoid, or obpyramidal and 3-, 4-, or 5-angled, glabrous or sparsely to densely piloso-sericeous, sericeous, strigillose, or strigose;
pappi 0, or persistent, of 1–10+ subulate to acerose scales, or 5–20 ± spatulate, entire to erose, fimbriate, or laciniate, sometimes aristate, scales in 1 series, or 15–25+[–40], plumose, setiform scales (or flattened bristles) in 1 series.
± ovoid or plumply 4- or 5-angled, finely 32–40-ribbed, sparsely strigose or glabrous;
pappi 0, or of 1–10+ subulate to acerose scales (to 0.5 mm), or of 16–30, ± spatulate scales (0.5–2 mm).
= 17.
Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Galinsoginae
Tetragonotheca
Genera 15, species 103 (4 genera, 8 species in the flora).
All genera of Galinsoginae are centered in tropical and subtropical to warm-temperate North America and South America; relatively few extend into cool-temperate areas; fewer still are adventive in the Old World.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species 4 (4 in the flora).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Phyllaries 10–20 in ± 2 series (outer 4 broadly lanceolate, foliaceous, notably larger than inner) | Tetragonotheca |
1. Phyllaries 6–30+ in 2–5 series (subequal or unequal, outer smaller than inner). | → 2 |
2. Annuals (ray cypselae often each shed together with subtending phyllary and 2 adjacent paleae) | Galinsoga |
2. Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (cypselae shed separate from paleae) | → 3 |
3. Subshrubs or shrubs, 50–140 cm (often forming dense, rounded masses) | Bebbia |
3. Perennials, 10–40 cm (stems procumbent to ascending) | Tridax |
1. Pappi of 16–30, ± obovate to spatulate scales 0.5–2 mm | → 2 |
1. Pappi 0, or of 1–10+ subulate to acerose scales to 0.5 mm | → 3 |
2. Leaves mostly cauline (distal connate-perfoliate); ray florets 12–13, laminae 8–18 mm | T. ludoviciana |
2. Leaves mostly basal (cauline much smaller, none connate-perfoliate); ray florets 16–21+, laminae 20–30+ mm | T. repanda |
3. Stems sparsely tomentulose or glabrous (nodes usually auriculate-appendaged); ray laminae 10–18 mm; cypselae ± quadrate, 2.5–4 mm | T. texana |
3. Stems patently to retrorsely ± villous; ray laminae 20–40+ mm; cypselae ± ovoid, 4–6 mm | T. helianthoides |
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