Flora of North America species comparison

erect.

mostly basal or mostly cauline; usually opposite (distal sometimes alternate);

petiolate or sessile;

blades (often 3- or 5-nerved) mostly deltate, elliptic, lanceolate, lance-ovate, linear, ovate, or rhombic, sometimes pinnately or palmately lobed, ultimate margins entire or ± toothed, faces glabrate, hispid, hispidulous, pilose, puberulent, scabrellous, scabrous, strigillose, or strigose, often gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular.

cauline; opposite;

petiolate;

blades (3-nerved) lanceolate to broadly ovate, margins entire or serrulate to serrate, faces glabrate to densely pilose.

campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, or ± obpyramidal.

hemispheric to campanulate, 2.5–6 mm diam.

flat, convex, or conic, paleate (paleae persistent or falling with cypselae, mostly oblong to lanceolate or linear, flat to conduplicate, herbaceous or scarious, often 2- or 3-lobed or -toothed).

conic, paleate (paleae persistent or falling, scarious, proximal broadly elliptic to obovate, often connate at bases or nearly to apices, united in groups of 2–3 to adjacent proximal phyllary, each complex often enclosing and shed with a ray cypsela; distal persistent or falling, lanceolate to obovate, entire or 2- or 3-lobed, convex to conduplicate).

0, or (3–)6–21, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow or whitish or pinkish [purplish].

[0–](3–)5(–8)[–15], pistillate, fertile;

corollas white or dull white to pinkish [purplish] (tubes pilose, laminae quadrate-obovate to oblong, lobes 0–3).

5–150+, bisexual, fertile (peripheral sometimes pistillate in Bebbia);

corollas yellow to orange, or whitish, pinkish, or purplish, tubes shorter than throats, lobes 5, deltate to lance-deltate or lanceolate (± equal [outer larger, e.g., some plants of Tridax]);

anther thecae pale or slightly darkened;

stigmatic papillae in 2 lines.

5–50[–150], bisexual, fertile;

corollas yellow, tubes (pilose) shorter than cylindric throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers yellow; style-branch apices acute).

persistent or falling, 6–30+ in 2–5+ series, usually distinct, elliptic, lanceolate, lance-linear, lance-ovate, oblong, or ovate, subequal or unequal (outer longer or shorter).

persistent or falling, 6–9[–16] in 2[–3] series (elliptic, lance-ovate, oblong, or ovate, outer shorter, herbaceous or scarious, margins entire or minutely laciniate).

0.

radiate or discoid (sometimes ± disciform in Bebbia), borne singly or in loose to tight, corymbiform or cymiform arrays.

radiate or discoid, in ± cymiform arrays.

± compressed, often clavate, obconic, or ovoid, or obpyramidal and 3-, 4-, or 5-angled, glabrous or sparsely to densely piloso-sericeous, sericeous, strigillose, or strigose;

pappi 0, or persistent, of 1–10+ subulate to acerose scales, or 5–20 ± spatulate, entire to erose, fimbriate, or laciniate, sometimes aristate, scales in 1 series, or 15–25+[–40], plumose, setiform scales (or flattened bristles) in 1 series.

obconic to obpyramidal, glabrous or strigose (rays often shed with subtending phyllary plus 2–3 adjacent paleae);

pappi 0, or persistent, of 5–20, white or gray, fimbriate, sometimes aristate scales.

= 8.