Flora of North America species comparison

decumbent or erect, branched from bases or throughout.

basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; opposite or alternate; usually petiolate, sometimes sessile;

blades mostly cordate, deltate, elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic, or spatulate, often 1–2-pinnately or -ternately lobed (lobes mostly filiform to linear, lanceolate, or oblanceolate), ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces ± lanate to woolly, or hispidulous to scabrellous or strigose, sometimes glabrescent, sometimes stipitate-glandular, rarely glabrous, often gland-dotted.

mostly cauline; mostly alternate (proximal opposite);

petiolate or sessile;

blades either linear and margins entire, or narrowly cuneate to spatulate and margins usually distally 3-lobed, faces sparsely tomentose to moderately woolly or glabrescent.

campanulate to narrowly cylindric or obconic, or hemispheric to rotate.

subcylindric, 2–5+ mm diam.

conic, flat, or hemispheric, often knobby or pitted (sometimes hairy or gland-dotted), usually epaleate (paleae sometimes subulate scales in Chaenactis; in Bartlettia, linear, membranous, hairy scales, each appressed to and shed with an associated cypsela may be interpreted as paleae).

convex, ± knobby or smooth, epaleate.

0 (corollas of peripheral florets sometimes notably larger than those of the inner, then zygomorphic, showy, and somewhat raylike, e.g., Chaenactis spp.) or (1–)4–21(–60+), pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, orange, red, purplish, or whitish (persistent, marcescent in Arnica dealbata).

5–8, pistillate, fertile;

corollas either yellow, or white or pinkish with reddish veins.

4–200+, usually bisexual, fertile (functionally staminate in Arnica dealbata);

corollas yellow, orange, purplish, or whitish, usually hairy and/or gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular, tubes shorter than to longer than cylindric or campanulate to funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate to linear;

anther thecae pale;

stigmatic papillae in 2 lines.

10–20+, bisexual, fertile;

corollas yellow, tubes shorter than narrowly funnelform throats, lobes 5, ovate-deltate (glabrous; anther appendages narrowly deltate, not glandular; style appendages narrowly triangular).

usually persistent, 4–60+ in 1–4+ series (usually erect at flowering, usually reflexed in fruit, usually distinct, basally coherent in some Arnica spp., mostly lance-ovate, linear, or ovate, unequal to subequal, mostly herbaceous to membranous, outer foliaceous in Venegasia).

persistent, 5–8 in 1 series (spreading, not reflexed in fruit, distinct, oblanceolate, subequal, alternate ones scarious-margined, apices acute).

usually 0 (sometimes 1–3 bractlets in Schkuhria).

usually radiate, sometimes discoid, rarely radiant (Chaenactis spp.), borne singly, or in clusters, or in corymbiform, cymiform, or paniculiform arrays.

radiate, borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays.

mostly obpyramidal and 4–5-angled, sometimes clavate, columnar, cylindric, or fusiform, sometimes compressed and ± linear (e.g., Chaenactis, Hulsea) or obcompressed (e.g., Arnica dealbata, Bartlettia; lengths usually 3+ times diams.), faces usually hairy and/or gland-dotted;

pappi falling, fragile, or persistent, usually of 6–80 distinct or basally connate bristles, or of 4–20 distinct (or basally connate) scales, all, some, or none aristate, sometimes pappi none.

narrowly obconic, clavate, or fusiform, glabrous or sparsely to densely hispidulous;

pappi 0, or ± fragile (falling in whole or fragmented rings), of 20–40 basally connate or coherent, ± barbellate bristles or subulate scales.

= 7.