Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae
cauline [rosulate]; usually alternate, sometimes opposite;
petiolate or sessile;
margins usually entire or dentate, sometimes lobed to dissected.
flat to conic, epaleate (sometimes bristly-setose).
in 1–2+ series (more in horticultural “doubles”), pistillate, fertile [styliferous and sterile or neuter];
corollas usually yellow to orange and/or cyanic to white (abaxial and adaxial faces often different colors).
usually functionally staminate, sometimes bisexual and fertile;
corollas yellow, orange, or cyanic (sometimes combinations within corollas), lobes 5, ± deltate (tips sometimes terete or dilated);
anther bases ± tailed, apical appendages ovate to deltate;
styles abaxially papillate (at least near tips), branches sometimes barely discernible (0.5–1 mm), adaxially stigmatic in 2 lines from bases to apices, apices rounded to truncate, appendages penicillate or essentially none.
persistent, in (1–)2(–3) series, distinct [connate], usually ± equal, usually herbaceous (sometimes fleshy), margins and/or apices ± scarious.
0 (peduncular bractlets sometimes intergrade with phyllaries).
heterogamous (radiate), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays.
usually polymorphic within heads (straight, arcuate, contorted, or ± coiled), ± columnar to prismatic, sometimes obcompressed, compressed, or flattened, sometimes ± beaked, bodies usually tuberculate, ridged, and/or winged (usually glabrous; blue-black and drupelike in Chrysanthemoides);
pappi 0 [bristles].
Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae
Genera ca. 8, species 100+ (4 genera, 7 species in the flora).
Plants of Dimorphotheca cuneata (Thunberg) Lessing, a native of southern Africa, have been collected outside cultivation in Arizona (Gila County, ca. 1000 m): subshrubs or shrubs to 100 cm, leaves cuneate to obovate, 1–2(–3)cm, margins dentate to denticulate, faces ± glutinous, phyllaries usually 13, 6–9 mm, ray corollas abaxially bluish to violet, adaxially white, disc cypselae obovate to nearly orbiculate, 10 mm.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Shrubs or trees; cypselae fleshy (drupelike) | Chrysanthemoides |
1. Annuals, perennials, or shrubs; cypselae not fleshy (often tuberculate or ridged and/or winged) | → 2 |
2. Disc florets bisexual (some or all fertile) | Dimorphotheca |
2. Disc florets all functionally staminate | → 3 |
3. Cypselae arcuate to ± coiled, abaxially tuberculate, sometimes winged | Calendula |
3. Cypselae triquetrous-prismatic to clavate, ± tuberculate and/or winged | Osteospermum |
