Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Rudbeckiinae
(synonym of Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Rudbeckiinae)
basal and cauline or mostly cauline; alternate;
petiolate or sessile;
blades mostly deltate, elliptic, lanceolate, linear, lyrate, oblanceolate, oblong, ovate, pandurate, or spatulate, often 1–2-pinnately lobed or -pinnatifid, ultimate margins entire, dentate, serrate, or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy, often gland-dotted.
hemispheric to rotate.
subhemispheric, ovoid, conic, or columnar (8–70+ mm high), paleate (paleae strongly conduplicate, each partly investing its subtended floret).
0 or 3–25+, neuter;
corollas yellow or orange, brown-purple, maroon, or reddish, sometimes bicolor (orange, brown-purple, maroon, or reddish plus yellow, laminae often drooping or reflexed).
50–800+, bisexual, fertile;
corollas yellowish green to yellow or brown-purple, tubes shorter than or equaling funnelform or cylindric throats, lobes 5, deltate to triangular or obovate;
anther thecae dark;
stigmatic papillae in 2 lines.
persistent, (5–)15–30+ in 1–3 series (distinct, elliptic, lanceolate, linear, ovate, or triangular, usually subequal, sometimes unequal, outer longer, all herbaceous, distally or throughout, or inner scarious, at least outer soon reflexed).
0.
usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly or in loose, ± corymbiform or paniculiform arrays.
subterete, or obpyramidal and 4-angled, or strongly compressed and linear-oblanceolate to oblong-oblique, glabrous or hairy;
pappi 0, or coroniform, or of 2–8+ scales or teeth.
Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Rudbeckiinae
Genera 2, species 30 (2 genera, 27 species in the flora).
The genera of Rudbeckiinae have traditionally been included in Verbesininae (e.g., G. Bentham 1873) or in Helianthinae (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1977[1978]). Sometimes, Rudbeckiinae has included Echinacea (e.g., P. O. Karis and O. Ryding 1994). Here, we follow H. Robinson (1981) in placing Echinacea in Ecliptinae.
In keys and descriptions for Ratibida and Rudbeckia, “discs” refers to receptacles at late flowering with paleae and florets in place and included in assessing shapes and in measurements of lengths and diameters.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Involucres (early flowering) hemispheric to rotate, 15–30+ mm diam.; phyllaries 15–30+ in 2–3 series, subequal; cypselae ± 4-angled, not strongly compressed, margins not pectinate or ciliate | Rudbeckia |
1. Involucres rotate, 8–12+ mm diam.; phyllaries 14–28+ in 2 series, unequal (outer notably longer than inner); cypselae strongly compressed, abaxial margin of each usually pectinate or ciliate | Ratibida |
