Asclepias verticillata
Asclepias viridiflora
asclépiade verticillée, eastern whorled milkweed, horsetail milkweed, whorled milkweed
asclépiade à fleurs vertes, green antelopehorn milkweed, green comet milkweed, green milkweed
1 (rarely 2 or 3), erect, sparingly branched, arrested vegetative branches absent, 35–90 cm, sparsely puberulent with curved trichomes in lines, not glaucous, rhizomatous.
solitary, erect to ascending, unbranched (rarely), (10–)20–125 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.
3–6-whorled, sessile, with 1 stipular colleter on each side of leaf base on a ciliate interpetiolar ridge;
blade linear, 1.5–7 × 0.1–0.2 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, mucronate, venation obscure, surfaces glabrous abaxially, puberulent with curved trichomes adaxially, especially on midvein, to glabrate, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent.
opposite to subopposite, sessile or petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole and also in axil;
petiole 0–5 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes;
blade linear to broadly oval or nearly orbiculate, 2–13 × 0.8–6 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire or crisped, apex acute or obtuse to truncate or emarginate, mucronate, venation brochidodromous, surfaces sparsely pilosulous to glabrate, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent.
extra-axillary at upper nodes, pedunculate, 7–28-flowered;
peduncle 0.8–4 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes on 1 side, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.
extra-axillary at upper nodes, sometimes branched at peduncle apex, sessile or pedunculate, 22–60-flowered;
peduncle 0–4 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.
6–10 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes.
7–13 mm, pilosulous.
erect to spreading;
calyx lobes lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate;
corolla pale green to cream or ochroleucous, sometimes tan-tinged, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 3–4 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;
gynostegial column 1–1.2 mm;
fused anthers green, columnar, 1.2–1.5 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid;
corona segments cream, stipitate, cupulate, dorsally flattened, 1.5–2 mm, exceeded by style apex, apex obtuse, margin shallowly lobed (sometimes obscure) to sharply toothed proximally, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching over style apex, glabrous;
style apex shallowly depressed, green to greenish cream.
erect to pendent;
calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, pilosulous;
corolla green to yellowish green, sometimes tinged red, lobes reflexed, oblong, 5–7 mm, apex acute, inconspicuously pilosulous at apex abaxially, glabrous adaxially;
gynostegium sessile;
fused anthers green, cylindric, 3–4 mm, wings triangular, widest at middle, closed, apical appendages ovate, marginally inflexed, apically deflexed;
corona segments green to cream, sometimes tinged red, sessile, laminar, margins incurved, appressed to column, 3–4 mm, greatly exceeded by style apex, apex obtuse, glabrous, internal appendage absent or obscure, glabrous;
style apex shallowly depressed, green.
ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces smooth;
coma 2.5–3.5 cm.
ovate, 7–8 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces minutely rugulose;
coma 2.5–3 cm.
erect on straight pedicels, narrowly fusiform, 6–11 × 0.4–0.8 cm, apex acuminate to attenuate, smooth, glabrous.
erect on upcurved pedicels, fusiform to lance-ovoid, 6–10 × 1.5–2 cm, apex acuminate to attenuate, smooth, pilosulous.
= 22.
= 22.
Asclepias verticillata
Asclepias viridiflora
Asclepias verticillata is parapatric with the closely related and morphologically similar A. linearis, A. pumila, and A. subverticillata. It can be difficult to distinguish from these relatives where their ranges overlap. Similarities with A. linearis and A. subverticillata are discussed under those species; no definitive hybrids between A. verticillata and these species have been documented. The characteristic marginal corona segment tooth is often reduced to a shallow lobe in western populations of A. verticillata, which complicates distinguishing this species from A. subverticillata, and which suggests past introgression. A widely disjunct collection of A. verticillata was made in Arizona, well within the range of A. subverticillata, for Plants of the Hopis (Millspaugh 176 [F]); persistence of the species in Arizona has not been documented by additional collections. Hybrids with A. pumila are usually readily detected because the parental species are distinct in leaf arrangement and internode length (whorled and distant nodes in A. verticillata versus alternate and congested in A. pumila). These hybrids often have mixed phyllotaxy and have been documented in Kansas, Montana, South Dakota, and Texas. Asclepias verticillata is strongly rhizomatous and forms dense colonies on roadsides and in prairies; in forests, however, genets are small and solitary stems are common. Like several other milkweed species, it is rare and declining at the northeastern terminus of its range (in Delaware, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont). It is also considered rare in Saskatchewan, where it has been documented by few specimens. Reports from Wyoming (Crook County) all seem to pertain to A. pumila (B. Heidel, pers. comm.).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Asclepias viridiflora is one of the milkweeds with spherical, greenish umbels and inconspicuous coronas (see also A. engelmanniana, A. hirtella, A. lanuginosa, A. longifolia, A. rusbyi, A. stenophylla). Prior to close examination, the tight green balls of open flowers appear to be merely in bud. The diversity in leaf morphology among individuals (linear to orbiculate) is remarkable, but has no taxonomic significance—the full range of variation may be found within single populations. This is the most widespread milkweed within the flora area, ranging across most of the United States (absent only from the westernmost states and most of New England) and southern Canada. It is nowhere abundant, but may be regularly encountered in suitable, thin-soiled prairie habitats, especially in the Great Plains. It is rare and considered to be of conservation concern on the margins of its range, in Alberta (Cypress, Forty Mile, and Warner counties), Arizona (Coconino, Gila, and Yavapai counties), Connecticut (New Haven County), Florida (Gadsden and Jackson counties), and New York (Columbia, Nassau, Richmond, and Suffolk counties).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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- WildflowerSearch
- iNaturalist (observations)
- USDA Plants Database
- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
