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asclépiade verticillée, eastern whorled milkweed, horsetail milkweed, whorled milkweed

Texas milkweed

Habit Herbs. Subshrubs or herbs.
Stems

1 (rarely 2 or 3), erect, sparingly branched, arrested vegetative branches absent, 35–90 cm, sparsely puberulent with curved trichomes in lines, not glaucous, rhizomatous.

1–numerous, erect, sparsely to moderately branched in upper half, 25–90 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.

Leaves

3–6-whorled, sessile, with 1 stipular colleter on each side of leaf base on a ciliate interpetiolar ridge;

blade linear, 1.5–7 × 0.1–0.2 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, mucronate, venation obscure, surfaces glabrous abaxially, puberulent with curved trichomes adaxially, especially on midvein, to glabrate, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent.

opposite, petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole on a ciliate interpetiolar ridge;

petiole 5–20 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes;

blade ovate to lanceolate or elliptic, 2–7 × 0.5–3 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate to obtuse, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, venation eucamptodromous, surfaces puberulent with curved trichomes on veins abaxially, sparsely puberulent with curved trichomes on veins to glabrate adaxially, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent.

Inflorescences

extra-axillary at upper nodes, pedunculate, 7–28-flowered;

peduncle 0.8–4 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes on 1 side, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

extra-axillary at upper nodes, some appearing terminal, pedunculate, 14–31-flowered;

peduncle 0.9–3 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

Pedicels

6–10 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes.

7–14 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line.

Flowers

erect to spreading;

calyx lobes lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate;

corolla pale green to cream or ochroleucous, sometimes tan-tinged, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 3–4 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 1–1.2 mm;

fused anthers green, columnar, 1.2–1.5 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments cream, stipitate, cupulate, dorsally flattened, 1.5–2 mm, exceeded by style apex, apex obtuse, margin shallowly lobed (sometimes obscure) to sharply toothed proximally, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching over style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, green to greenish cream.

erect;

calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes;

corolla white, sometimes tinged green, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 3.5–5 mm, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm;

fused anthers brown, columnar, 1.5–2 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments white, sometimes tinged pink, stipitate, cupulate, dorsally rounded, 2–3 mm, equaling to slightly exceeding style apex, apex obtuse, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching over style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, white.

Seeds

ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces smooth;

coma 2.5–3.5 cm.

ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces smooth or sparsely papillose;

coma 2–3 cm.

Follicles

erect on straight pedicels, narrowly fusiform, 6–11 × 0.4–0.8 cm, apex acuminate to attenuate, smooth, glabrous.

erect on straight pedicels, narrowly fusiform, 9–13 × 0.5–1 cm, apex long-acuminate to attenuate, smooth, glabrous.

2n

= 22.

Asclepias verticillata

Asclepias texana

Phenology Flowering Feb–Oct; fruiting Mar–Nov(–Dec). Flowering May–Sep; fruiting (Jul–)Aug–Oct.
Habitat Ridges, slopes, flats, glades, bluffs, dunes, sandhills, streamsides, wet meadows and depressions, lake shores, sandstone, limestone, granite, serpentine, dolomite, shale, sandy, clay, and rocky soils, prairies, pine flatwoods and barrens, pine and oak scrubs, oak and oak-hickory woodlands, pine, pine-oak and pine-mixed-hardwood forests, forest edges. Can­yons, arroyos, slopes, cliff bases, bluffs, streamsides, limestone, igneous rocks, rocky and clay soils, riparian, oak-juniper, and oak woods, pine-oak forest.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 300–2000 m. (1000–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Asclepias verticillata is parapatric with the closely related and morphologically similar A. linearis, A. pumila, and A. subverticillata. It can be difficult to distinguish from these relatives where their ranges overlap. Similarities with A. linearis and A. subverticillata are discussed under those species; no definitive hybrids between A. verticillata and these species have been documented. The characteristic marginal corona segment tooth is often reduced to a shallow lobe in western populations of A. verticillata, which complicates distinguishing this species from A. subverticillata, and which suggests past introgression. A widely disjunct collection of A. verticillata was made in Arizona, well within the range of A. subverticillata, for Plants of the Hopis (Millspaugh 176 [F]); persistence of the species in Arizona has not been documented by additional collections. Hybrids with A. pumila are usually readily detected because the parental species are distinct in leaf arrangement and internode length (whorled and distant nodes in A. verticillata versus alternate and congested in A. pumila). These hybrids often have mixed phyllotaxy and have been documented in Kansas, Montana, South Dakota, and Texas. Asclepias verticillata is strongly rhizomatous and forms dense colonies on roadsides and in prairies; in forests, however, genets are small and solitary stems are common. Like several other milkweed species, it is rare and declining at the northeastern terminus of its range (in Delaware, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont). It is also considered rare in Saskatchewan, where it has been documented by few specimens. Reports from Wyoming (Crook County) all seem to pertain to A. pumila (B. Heidel, pers. comm.).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

In the flora area, Asclepias texana has a disjunct distribution on the Edwards Plateau and in the mountains of the Big Bend region. Although commonly occurring in canyons and riparian areas, A. texana is quite drought tolerant in cultivation. The tidy, bushy habit, long flowering stems topped by bright white spherical umbels, and rapid growth from seed make this a suitable candidate for horticultural use. It is known to be hardy to at least USDA Zone 7.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Apocynaceae > Asclepias Apocynaceae > Asclepias
Sibling taxa
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
Synonyms A. perennis var. parvula
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 217. (1753) A. Heller: Contr. Herb. Franklin Marshall Coll. 1: 77, plate 4. (1895)
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