The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

asclépiade tubéreuse, butterfly milkweed

asclépiade panachée, red-ringed milkweed, redring milkweed, white milkweed

Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

1–numerous, erect to ascending, branched in inflorescence, 15–90 cm, densely hirsute, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.

1–few, erect, unbranched, 30–120 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes, sometimes in a single line, sometimes glaucous, rhizomes absent.

Leaves

alternate, petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole;

petiole 1–4 mm, densely hirsute;

blade elliptic, oblong, or oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, 2–12 × 0.3–3 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate or obtuse to rounded, truncate, hastate, or cordate, margins entire, apex acute to attenuate or obtuse to rounded, venation brochidodromous to eucamptodromous, surfaces hirsute, more densely so on midvein abaxially, margins ciliate, 0–4 laminar colleters.

opposite, petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole;

petiole 10–25 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes;

blade oval to ovate, obovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 6–15 × 3–9 cm, subcoriaceous, base cuneate to obtuse or subtruncate, margins sometimes crisped, apex rounded to obtuse, apiculate or mucronate, venation eucamptodromous to faintly brochidodromous, surfaces puberulent on veins with curved trichomes, sometimes glaucous, margins ciliate, 8–12 laminar colleters.

Inflorescences

corymbs of extra-axillary umbels on branches, sessile or pedunculate, 5–27-flowered;

peduncle 0–4 cm, sometimes branched, hirsute, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

terminal, branched, also usually extra-axillary at 1 distal node, pedunculate, 11–28-flowered;

peduncle 1–7 cm, densely puberulent with curved trichomes, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

Pedicels

9–24 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous.

12–20 mm, densely puberulent with curved trichomes.

Flowers

erect;

calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, hirsute to puberulent with curved trichomes;

corolla reddish orange (nearly red) to orange or yellow, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, narrowly elliptic, (5–)6–8 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 1.2–1.5 mm, fused anthers yellow to yellowish green, cylindric, 2–3 mm, wings right-triangular, closed, apical appendages ovate;

corona segments reddish orange (nearly red) to orange or yellow, substipitate, conduplicate, dorsally flattened, sulcate, 5.5–7 mm, greatly exceeding style apex, apex acute, glabrous, internal appendage subulate, exserted, arching above style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, yellow to yellowish green.

erect to spreading;

calyx lobes lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, pilosulous;

corolla white, red-violet in throat, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 6–8 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column red-violet, 1–2 mm;

fused anthers brown, truncately obconic, 1.5–2 mm, wings right-triangular, rounded, closed, apical appendages ovate;

corona segments white, stipitate, conduplicate with a lateral flange on each side, 2.5–4 mm, exceeding style apex, apex truncate, glabrous, internal appendage falcate, exserted, sharply inflexed over style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, white.

Seeds

ovate, 8–9 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces minutely rugulose;

coma 3–5 cm.

ovate, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, margin winged, faces rugulose;

coma 2.5–4 cm.

Follicles

erect on upcurved pedicels, fusiform, 7–14 × 1.2–2 cm, apex long-acuminate or attenuate, smooth, hirsute.

erect on upcurved pedicels, narrowly fusiform, 10–15 × 1.5–2 cm, apex long-acuminate, smooth, pilosulous.

2n

= 22.

Asclepias tuberosa

Asclepias variegata

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug; fruiting Jun–Nov.
Habitat Ridges, slopes, bluffs, flats, glades, ravines, streamsides, lake shores, limestone, sandstone, basalt, clay, sandy, silty, and marl soils, oak-hickory, oak, mixed-hardwood, pine-mixed-hardwood, pine-oak-hickory, and pine forests, oak, pine, pine-oak, oak-hickory, and riparian woodlands, forest edges and openings.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

Asclepias tuberosa is one of the most familiar and beloved North American milkweeds and is a favored element of pollinator gardens because of the cheery orange flowers that attract abundant insect visitors. The clear latex is unusual in the genus and is often commented upon by collectors. The subspecies of A. tuberosa are highly intergrading. It is often difficult to satisfactorily place a given specimen in a particular subspecies; however, the great majority are readily assigned. It appears that the conspicuous variation in leaf morphology across the subspecies corresponds to genetically structured population variation (R. E. Woodson Jr. 1947). However, it is unknown to what extent cultivation and other human activities have blurred the distinctions among the geographic variants. Future recognition of the subspecies should be supported by genetic study with modern techniques. Although yellow-flowered plants predominate in the western plains, color variation is often pronounced in single populations, and yellow flowers may be encountered anywhere in the range. Hybridization with A. syriaca is documented, but is exceedingly rare. Presumed hybrids can be recognized by intermediate floral and vegetative traits.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Asclepias variegata and the following species (A. exaltata, A. purpurascens, and A. quadrifolia) inhabit deciduous forest understories in eastern North America and often co-occur. Asclepias variegata has showy, snowball-like spheres of bright white flowers. On closer examination, the staminal column of each flower is colored reddish purple, forming a neat belt between the corona and corolla. Non-flowering specimens have been confused with A. purpurascens. The leaves of A. variegata have a thicker texture, and the blade apices are broader and more rounded than in A. purpurascens. Asclepias variegata has suffered serious declines at the northeastern margin of its range and is reported to have been extirpated from Ontario and Connecticut. In addition, it is considered to be of conservation concern in Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf bases hastate, blade margins crisped.
subsp. rolfsii
1. Leaf bases cuneate, obtuse, rounded, truncate, or subcordate, blade margins planar.
→ 2
2. Leaf bases cuneate to obtuse, rounded, or subcordate, apices rounded to acute, mostly east of the crest of the Appalachian Mountains.
subsp. tuberosa
2. Leaf bases truncate or obtuse to cordate, apices acute to attenuate, mostly west of the crest of the Appalachian Mountains.
subsp. interior
Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Apocynaceae > Asclepias Apocynaceae > Asclepias
Sibling taxa
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
Subordinate taxa
A. tuberosa subsp. interior, A. tuberosa subsp. rolfsii, A. tuberosa subsp. tuberosa
Synonyms Biventraria variegata
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 217. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 215. (1753)
Web links