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asclépiade tubéreuse, butterfly milkweed

Arizona milkweed, narrow-leaf milkweed

Habit Herbs. Subshrubs or herbs, cespitose.
Stems

1–numerous, erect to ascending, branched in inflorescence, 15–90 cm, densely hirsute, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.

few–numerous, erect, sparsely to moderately branched, 20–60 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.

Leaves

alternate, petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole;

petiole 1–4 mm, densely hirsute;

blade elliptic, oblong, or oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, 2–12 × 0.3–3 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate or obtuse to rounded, truncate, hastate, or cordate, margins entire, apex acute to attenuate or obtuse to rounded, venation brochidodromous to eucamptodromous, surfaces hirsute, more densely so on midvein abaxially, margins ciliate, 0–4 laminar colleters.

persistent or gradually caducous from the base, opposite, petiolate, with 1 stipular colleter on each side of petiole on a ciliate interpetiolar ridge;

petiole 2–4 mm, surfaces puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate;

blade linear, 3.5–10 × 0.2–0.8 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, venation faintly brochidodromous to obscure, puberulent with curved trichomes on midvein, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent.

Inflorescences

corymbs of extra-axillary umbels on branches, sessile or pedunculate, 5–27-flowered;

peduncle 0–4 cm, sometimes branched, hirsute, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

extra-axillary at upper nodes, pedunculate, 3–15-flowered;

peduncle 0.7–5 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

Pedicels

9–24 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous.

8–18 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line.

Flowers

erect;

calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, hirsute to puberulent with curved trichomes;

corolla reddish orange (nearly red) to orange or yellow, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, narrowly elliptic, (5–)6–8 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 1.2–1.5 mm, fused anthers yellow to yellowish green, cylindric, 2–3 mm, wings right-triangular, closed, apical appendages ovate;

corona segments reddish orange (nearly red) to orange or yellow, substipitate, conduplicate, dorsally flattened, sulcate, 5.5–7 mm, greatly exceeding style apex, apex acute, glabrous, internal appendage subulate, exserted, arching above style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, yellow to yellowish green.

erect;

calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes;

corolla cream, sometimes pink-striped or -tinged, to pink, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 4–5 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 0.8–1 mm;

fused anthers brown, columnar, 1.5–2 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments cream, sometimes pink at base, stipitate, tubular, dorsally rounded, 3–3.5 mm, exceeding style apex, apex obtuse, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching over style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, cream.

Seeds

ovate, 8–9 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces minutely rugulose;

coma 3–5 cm.

ovate, 4.5–6 × 3–4 mm, margin narrowly winged, faces smooth;

coma 2–3 cm.

Follicles

erect on upcurved pedicels, fusiform, 7–14 × 1.2–2 cm, apex long-acuminate or attenuate, smooth, hirsute.

erect on straight pedicels, narrowly fusiform, 4–10 × 0.4–0.7 cm, apex long-acuminate to attenuate, smooth, glabrous.

2n

= 22.

Asclepias tuberosa

Asclepias angustifolia

Phenology Flowering Apr–Oct; fruiting Jul–Oct.
Habitat Canyon bot­toms, streamsides, arroyos, sandy or rocky soils, ripar­ian forest, pine-oak-juniper forest.
Elevation 1000–1800 m. (3300–5900 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
North America; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

Asclepias tuberosa is one of the most familiar and beloved North American milkweeds and is a favored element of pollinator gardens because of the cheery orange flowers that attract abundant insect visitors. The clear latex is unusual in the genus and is often commented upon by collectors. The subspecies of A. tuberosa are highly intergrading. It is often difficult to satisfactorily place a given specimen in a particular subspecies; however, the great majority are readily assigned. It appears that the conspicuous variation in leaf morphology across the subspecies corresponds to genetically structured population variation (R. E. Woodson Jr. 1947). However, it is unknown to what extent cultivation and other human activities have blurred the distinctions among the geographic variants. Future recognition of the subspecies should be supported by genetic study with modern techniques. Although yellow-flowered plants predominate in the western plains, color variation is often pronounced in single populations, and yellow flowers may be encountered anywhere in the range. Hybridization with A. syriaca is documented, but is exceedingly rare. Presumed hybrids can be recognized by intermediate floral and vegetative traits.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The common name Arizona milkweed is misleading, as Asclepias angustifolia is narrowly distributed and uncommon in Arizona but widely distributed and locally common across mountainous regions of Mexico. Like A. linaria, this widespread species is probably relictual in its canyon habitat in southern Arizona. Asclepias angustifolia has been documented from the Atascosa, Dragoon, Huachuca, Pajarito, Rincon, Santa Catalina, and Santa Rita mountains (Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties). As with many milkweeds, the floral displays of well-developed plants are magnets for large numbers of Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Like A. curassavica and other members of the Incarnatae clade (species 7–16), A. angustifolia develops rapidly from seed and transplants well, making it a desirable species for the garden. Although its frost hardiness is limited, it can be used as a horticultural annual.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf bases hastate, blade margins crisped.
subsp. rolfsii
1. Leaf bases cuneate, obtuse, rounded, truncate, or subcordate, blade margins planar.
→ 2
2. Leaf bases cuneate to obtuse, rounded, or subcordate, apices rounded to acute, mostly east of the crest of the Appalachian Mountains.
subsp. tuberosa
2. Leaf bases truncate or obtuse to cordate, apices acute to attenuate, mostly west of the crest of the Appalachian Mountains.
subsp. interior
Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Apocynaceae > Asclepias Apocynaceae > Asclepias
Sibling taxa
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
Subordinate taxa
A. tuberosa subsp. interior, A. tuberosa subsp. rolfsii, A. tuberosa subsp. tuberosa
Synonyms A. linifolia
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 217. (1753) Schweigger: Enum. Pl. Hort. Regiom., 13. (1812)
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