Asclepias syriaca
Asclepias macrosperma
asclépiade commune, broadleaf milkweed, common milkweed
dwarf milkweed, large-seed milkweed, large-seed or dwarf or Eastwood's milkweed
1 (rarely more, but forming dense colonies), erect, unbranched (rarely branched), 50–200 cm, tomentose to puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomatous.
1–12, decumbent, unbranched or branched near base, 6–15 cm, densely puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomatous.
opposite, petiolate, with 1–5 stipular colleters on each side of petiole;
petiole 5–15 mm, tomentose to puberulent with curved trichomes;
blade oval or ovate to oblong or elliptic, 6–30 × 2.5–11 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate to rounded or truncate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded or acute, often mucronate, venation brochidodromous, surfaces tomentose to pilosulous abaxially, tomentose to glabrate adaxially, margins ciliate, 4–20 laminar colleters.
opposite or subopposite to alternate, petiolate, with 1 stipular colleter on either side of petiole;
petiole 1–5 mm, densely puberulent with curved trichomes;
blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or lance-ovate, 2.5–7 × 0.5–2 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate to truncate, margins crisped, apex attenuate, mucronate, venation obscure to faintly eucamptodromous, surfaces sparsely pilosulous to glabrate, midvein puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous, margins densely ciliate, laminar colleters absent.
extra-axillary, pedunculate, 24–113-flowered;
peduncle 2–12 cm, tomentulose to pilose or puberulent with curved trichomes, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.
terminal, sessile, 12–40-flowered, bracts few.
17–40 mm, densely pilose to puberulent with curved trichomes.
9–19 mm, densely pilose.
erect to pendent;
calyx lobes elliptic, 3–6 mm, apex acute, tomentulose;
corolla dark to pale pink or green and pink-tinged, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oblong to oval, 6–9 mm, apex acute, pilose abaxially, minutely hirtellous at base adaxially;
gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm;
fused anthers green, cylindric, 2–2.5 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, slightly open, apical appendages ovate;
corona segments reddish purple to cream, sessile, tubular, slightly flattened dorsally, 4–5 mm, exceeding style apex, apex obtuse, somewhat to strongly flared, glabrous, internal appendage falcate, exserted, sharply inflexed over style apex, glabrous;
style apex shallowly depressed, green or pale to dark pink.
erect to pendent;
calyx lobes elliptic, 2.5–3 mm, apex acute, pilose;
corolla green, tinged red (especially abaxially), lobes reflexed, oval, 4–5.5 mm, apex acute, glabrous;
gynostegial column 0.2–0.8 mm;
fused anthers brown, cylindric, 1–1.5 mm, wings right-triangular, slightly open at tip, apical appendages ovate;
corona segments yellow to ochroleucous, subsessile, tubular, 2–3 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding style apex, apex truncate, glabrous, internal appendage falcate, exserted, sharply inflexed towards or over style apex, glabrous;
style apex shallowly depressed, green or pink.
narrowly ovate, 7–8 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces rugulose;
coma 3–4 cm.
ovate, 8–12 × 6–8 mm, margin thickly winged, faces densely rugulose;
coma 1.5–2 cm.
erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid to ovoid, 7–12 × 2–4 cm, apex acuminate, smooth or muricate, tomentose.
erect on upcurved pedicels, ovoid, 5–6.5 × 1.2–2 cm, apex acuminate, rugose, faintly striate, densely pilosulous.
= 22.
Asclepias syriaca
Asclepias macrosperma
Asclepias syriaca is surely the most familiar milkweed in North America, and one that evokes ambivalence. It has been considered an undesirable species because of its prolific rhizomatous spread and ability to invade and thrive in cultivated land. However, it has been used as a food plant by indigenous and colonizing peoples, and its pleasantly fragrant and nectariferous flowers are avidly sought by diverse insects, highlighting the ecological importance of A. syriaca. Moreover, it has come to be appreciated because of its importance as one of the most commonly utilized host plants of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. There is some evidence that its population in agricultural lands in the upper midwestern United States has dramatically declined in the last several decades. However, its range and abundance prior to European settlement are not well understood and may have been much lower than in historical times, particularly in deforested areas of the eastern United States. It is considered to have been introduced to Newfoundland, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina and has been reported, but without documentation, from Texas. It has been documented from Salem, Oregon, but appears to not be established there (R. Halse, pers. comm.). It is considered to be of conservation concern at the northwesternmost edge of its range in Saskatchewan, where a single population is known in Estevan Municipality. Asclepias syriaca is the most promiscuous of milkweeds, as it is known to hybridize with at least seven other species (A. amplexicaulis, A. exaltata, A. ovalifolia, A. purpurascens, A. speciosa, A. sullivantii, A. tuberosa). Hybrids with A. speciosa are most frequent, as discussed under that species. Hybrids with A. exaltata are not infrequently encountered in the Appalachian Mountains and elsewhere. Other hybrids are highly localized. In all cases, putative hybrids are inferred from intermediate floral and vegetatative traits.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Asclepias macrosperma has not been consistently recognized as distinct from A. involucrata, as discussed under that species. It is quite homogeneous across its range on the Colorado Plateau, and intermediates with A. involucrata only occur where the ranges contact on the southern and eastern margins of the Plateau. It is readily distinguished from typical A. involucrata by broader leaves with crisped margins and smaller corona segments that are less compressed, less flared apically, and nearly uniformly yellow, as opposed to cream with a dark dorsal stripe. Also, A. macrosperma is largely confined to sandy, often unstabilized substrates, whereas A. involucrata occurs on stable, rocky, clay to sandy soils across most of its range. Asclepias macrosperma has been documented at few sites in Colorado (Montezuma County) and New Mexico (San Juan County) and should be considered to be of conservation concern in these states. It appears secure in Utah and on Navajo lands in Arizona.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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