Asclepias syriaca
Asclepias humistrata
asclépiade commune, broadleaf milkweed, common milkweed
pinewoods milkweed, sandhill milkweed, sandhill or pinewoods or pink-vein milkweed
1 (rarely more, but forming dense colonies), erect, unbranched (rarely branched), 50–200 cm, tomentose to puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomatous.
1–10, decumbent or ascending to erect, unbranched, 20–50 cm, glabrous, glaucous, rhizomes absent.
opposite, petiolate, with 1–5 stipular colleters on each side of petiole;
petiole 5–15 mm, tomentose to puberulent with curved trichomes;
blade oval or ovate to oblong or elliptic, 6–30 × 2.5–11 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate to rounded or truncate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded or acute, often mucronate, venation brochidodromous, surfaces tomentose to pilosulous abaxially, tomentose to glabrate adaxially, margins ciliate, 4–20 laminar colleters.
opposite, sessile, with 0 or 1 stipular colleter on each side of leaf base;
blade ovate, 4–11 × 2.5–8 cm, subsucculent, base cordate, clasping, margins entire, apex obtuse, mucronulate, venation eucamptodromous to brochidodromous, surfaces glabrous, glaucous, laminar colleters absent.
extra-axillary, pedunculate, 24–113-flowered;
peduncle 2–12 cm, tomentulose to pilose or puberulent with curved trichomes, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.
terminal, sometimes branched, and extra-axillary at upper nodes, pedunculate, 7–37-flowered;
peduncle 2.6–5.5 cm, glabrous, glaucous, with 1 bract at the base of each pedicel.
17–40 mm, densely pilose to puberulent with curved trichomes.
18–26 mm, glabrous.
erect to pendent;
calyx lobes elliptic, 3–6 mm, apex acute, tomentulose;
corolla dark to pale pink or green and pink-tinged, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oblong to oval, 6–9 mm, apex acute, pilose abaxially, minutely hirtellous at base adaxially;
gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm;
fused anthers green, cylindric, 2–2.5 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, slightly open, apical appendages ovate;
corona segments reddish purple to cream, sessile, tubular, slightly flattened dorsally, 4–5 mm, exceeding style apex, apex obtuse, somewhat to strongly flared, glabrous, internal appendage falcate, exserted, sharply inflexed over style apex, glabrous;
style apex shallowly depressed, green or pale to dark pink.
erect to spreading;
calyx lobes lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex obtuse, glabrous;
corolla pink or red to pinkish green or reddish green, lobes reflexed, sometimes with spreading tips, oval, 5.5–6 mm, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous;
gynostegial column 0.5–1 mm;
fused anthers brown, cylindric, 1.2–1.5 mm, wings right-triangular, tips closed, apical appendages broadly ovate;
corona segments pink to nearly white at base, white at apex, yellowing with age, sessile, conduplicate, dorsally rounded, 3–3.5 mm, slightly exceeding style apex, base subsaccate, apex truncate with a proximal tooth on each side, glabrous, internal appendage ensiform, slightly incurved, slightly exserted, glabrous;
style apex shallowly depressed, pink.
narrowly ovate, 7–8 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces rugulose;
coma 3–4 cm.
ovate to oval, 8–8.5 × 5–6 mm, margin winged, faces papillose-rugulose;
coma 3–3.5 cm.
erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid to ovoid, 7–12 × 2–4 cm, apex acuminate, smooth or muricate, tomentose.
erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, 8–12 × 0.8–1.7 cm, apex long-acuminate to attenuate, smooth, glabrous, glaucous.
= 22.
Asclepias syriaca
Asclepias humistrata
Asclepias syriaca is surely the most familiar milkweed in North America, and one that evokes ambivalence. It has been considered an undesirable species because of its prolific rhizomatous spread and ability to invade and thrive in cultivated land. However, it has been used as a food plant by indigenous and colonizing peoples, and its pleasantly fragrant and nectariferous flowers are avidly sought by diverse insects, highlighting the ecological importance of A. syriaca. Moreover, it has come to be appreciated because of its importance as one of the most commonly utilized host plants of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. There is some evidence that its population in agricultural lands in the upper midwestern United States has dramatically declined in the last several decades. However, its range and abundance prior to European settlement are not well understood and may have been much lower than in historical times, particularly in deforested areas of the eastern United States. It is considered to have been introduced to Newfoundland, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina and has been reported, but without documentation, from Texas. It has been documented from Salem, Oregon, but appears to not be established there (R. Halse, pers. comm.). It is considered to be of conservation concern at the northwesternmost edge of its range in Saskatchewan, where a single population is known in Estevan Municipality. Asclepias syriaca is the most promiscuous of milkweeds, as it is known to hybridize with at least seven other species (A. amplexicaulis, A. exaltata, A. ovalifolia, A. purpurascens, A. speciosa, A. sullivantii, A. tuberosa). Hybrids with A. speciosa are most frequent, as discussed under that species. Hybrids with A. exaltata are not infrequently encountered in the Appalachian Mountains and elsewhere. Other hybrids are highly localized. In all cases, putative hybrids are inferred from intermediate floral and vegetatative traits.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Asclepias humistrata is a distinctive milkweed unlike any other in its range. Its decumbent habit with vertically oriented leaves, bearing strongly contrasting white or pink venation, is unmatched by any other sandhill species. It is apparently closely related to the highly disjunct A. cordifolia of the Pacific Northwest, suggesting an unusual biogeographic history (M. Fishbein et al. 2011). It shares with this species bluish, grayish, or purplish glaucous herbage. Asclepias humistrata often exhibits remarkably high fruit set and, perhaps as a consequence, often grows in large, dense populations. It is reported as possibly extirpated from Louisiana, where it was documented from Washington Parish. Asclepias amplexicaulis Michaux, an illegitimate synonym, created confusion between this species and A. amplexicaulis Smith, a similarly glaucous, cordate-leaved species.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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