Asclepias stenophylla |
Asclepias quinquedentata |
|
---|---|---|
narrow-leaf milkweed, slimleaf milkweed |
slim-pod milkweed |
|
Habit | Herbs. | Herbs. |
Stems | 1 or 2 (rarely more), erect to spreading, rarely branched, 15–85 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomes absent. |
1–5, erect to ascending, sometimes decumbent at base, unbranched or branched near base, 10–60 cm, sparsely puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate, not glaucous, rhizomes absent. |
Leaves | alternate, subopposite, or opposite, sessile or petiolate, with 1 stipular colleter on each side of petiole; petiole 0–1 mm, spreading to ascending, glabrate; blade linear, conduplicate, 5–16 × 0.1–0.5 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, venation faintly brochidodromous to obscure, surfaces sparsely puberulent with curved trichomes, especially on midvein, to glabrate, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent. |
opposite, sessile or petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole; petiole 0–1 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate; blade linear, 6–14 × 0.2–0.6 cm, membranous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, mucronate, venation obscure to faintly eucamptodromous, surfaces sparsely puberulent with curved trichomes on midvein to glabrate, margins ciliate, 0–2 laminar colleters. |
Inflorescences | extra-axillary, sessile or pedunculate, 9–28-flowered; peduncle 0–1.3 cm, sometimes branched at apex, puberulent with curved trichomes, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel. |
extra-axillary, the uppermost appearing terminal, pedunculate, 4–10-flowered (appearing greater because umbels are in close proximity); peduncle 1.1–2.7 cm, sparsely puberulent with curved trichomes, with 1 bract at the base of each pedicel. |
Pedicels | 5–12 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous. |
14–21 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes. |
Flowers | erect to pendent; calyx lobes lanceolate, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous; corolla pale green to greenish cream, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 3–5 mm, apex acute, minutely puberulent with curved trichomes at apex abaxially, glabrous adaxially; gynostegial column 0–0.5 mm, fused anthers green, truncately obconic, 1.5–2 mm, wings narrowly crescent-shaped, wide open at base, apical appendages deltoid; corona segments cream, often green-tinged, sessile, chute-shaped, margins incurved, appressed to anthers, 3–3.5 mm, equaling style apex, base saccate, auriculate, apex truncate, glabrous, internal appendage a short crest, the segment appearing 3-toothed, glabrous; style apex shallowly depressed, green. |
pendent to spreading; calyx lobes lanceolate, 2.5–3.5 mm, apex acute, strigulose to pilosulous; corolla green, sometimes tinged red, lobes reflexed, exposing corona, oval, 4–6 mm, apex acute, pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially; gynostegial column 0.5 mm; fused anthers tan to brown, cylindric, 1.5–2 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, slightly open at base, apical appendages ovate; corona segments red or pink to red-violet or purple at base, white at apex, shiny, sessile, conduplicate, dorsally rounded, 3–4 mm, equaling to slightly exceeding style apex, apex truncate with a proximal tooth on each side, glabrous, internal appendage a crest, barely exserted from cavity; style apex shallowly depressed, white to greenish. |
Seeds | ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces minutely rugulose; coma 2.5–3 cm. |
ovate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, margin winged, faces smooth; coma 2–2.5 cm. |
Follicles | erect on straight pedicels, fusiform, 9–13 × 1–1.2 cm, apex long-acuminate, smooth, pilosulous. |
erect on upcurved pedicels, fusiform, 8.5–16 × 0.5–1 cm, apex long-attenuate, smooth, faintly striate, pilosulous to glabrate. |
Asclepias stenophylla |
Asclepias quinquedentata |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Aug; fruiting (Jun–)Aug–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Aug; fruiting Jul–Nov. |
Habitat | Hills, ridges, bluffs, slopes, flats, glades, sandhills, streamsides, limestone, dolomite, rhyolite, sandy and clay soils, prairies, pastures, thickets, forest openings, pine savannas. | Slopes, canyons, limestone, rhyolite, rocky soils, chaparral, pinyon-juniper and oak woodlands, pine and pine-oak forests. |
Elevation | 70–1900 m. (200–6200 ft.) | 1300–2600 m. (4300–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; CO; IA; IL; KS; LA; MN; MO; MT; NE; OK; SD; TX; WY
|
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, San Luis Potosí, México) |
Discussion | Although Asclepias stenophylla is a distinctive species, it is difficult to distinguish from A. engelmanniana in the absence of flowers or fruits, where their ranges overlap in the Great Plains. The drooping leaves of A. engelmanniana can reliably distinguish that species from A. stenophylla. Asclepias stenophylla is also often mistaken for A. verticillata, but the nearly appendageless corona segments and alternate or opposite (versus whorled) leaves readily separate A. stenophylla from that species. Because of its slender habit, linear leaves, and small clusters of greenish cream flowers held close to the stem, it can be overlooked in its grassland habitats. Asclepias stenophylla is widespread and common in its core habitat of Ozark glades and dry sites in tallgrass in Missouri, and in mixed-grass prairies from South Dakota to Texas. It is quite rare at the margins of its range in Arkansas (Baxter County), Illinois (Adams, Calhoun, and Pike counties), Iowa (Guthrie, Plymouth, and Sioux counties), Louisiana (Winn Parish), Minnesota (Houston County), Montana (Carter County), and Wyoming (Crook and Weston counties). In Colorado, it exhibits an interesting disjunction between Yuma County in the east and the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, where it is sporadic, but impacted by development and considered to be of conservation concern. A report from North Dakota has not been confirmed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Although it is widely distributed, Asclepias quinquedentata is rarely encountered. The plant is cryptic, even in flower, because of the slender, few-leaved habit and nodding inflorescences. Nonetheless, it appears to truly be rare, at least in the United States. It is considered to be of conservation concern in Arizona, and its status in New Mexico requires evaluation. It has been reported from Texas, based on the presumed type locality. However, M. Fishbein et al. (2008) concluded that the type collection most likely was made in Arizona. The population in the Valle de México has been segregated as A. rzedowskii based on a subtle variant of the corona; it is here considered a synonym (Fishbein et al.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Apocynaceae > Asclepias | Apocynaceae > Asclepias |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polyotus angustifolius, Acerates angustifolia | A. rzedowskii |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 72. (1876) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 71. (1876) |
Web links |