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asclépiade belle, showy milkweed

green antelopehorn, green antelopehorn or green or spider milkweed, green milkweed

Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

1–few, erect, unbranched (rarely branched), 30–125 cm, tomentose to puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomatous.

1–25, decumbent to erect, unbranched or rarely branched, 15–70 cm, inconspicuously puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.

Leaves

opposite, petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole, sometimes also in axil;

petiole 4–12 mm, tomentose to pilose;

blade lanceolate or ovate to oblong, 6–20 × 2–14 cm, chartaceous, base rounded to truncate or cordate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, venation faintly brochidodromous, surfaces tomentose to pilose, margins ciliate, 6–32 laminar colleters.

alternate to subopposite, petiolate, with 1–4 stipular colleters on each side of petiole plus 2–4 in axil;

petiole 2–6 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate;

blade oblong or ovate to oval, elliptic, or lanceolate, 3–13 × 1–6 cm, chartaceous, base rounded to subcordate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, often emarginate, sometimes mucronate, venation eucamptodromous to faintly brochidodromous, surfaces puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate, more densely so on veins, margins ciliate, 6–12 laminar colleters.

Inflorescences

extra-axillary, pedunculate, 3–34-flowered;

peduncle 1–10 cm, densely tomentose, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

terminal, pedunculate, 4–23-flowered;

peduncle usually branched, 0.5–6 cm, pilosulous to puberulent with curved trichomes, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

Pedicels

13–30 mm, densely tomentose.

(8–)14–23 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous.

Flowers

erect to pendent;

calyx lobes elliptic, 4–8 mm, apex acute, tomentose;

corolla dark pink (rarely pale), lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 9–12 mm, apex acute, densely pilose abaxially, hirtellous at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 0.5–1 mm;

fused anthers green and brown, truncately obconic, 2.5–3 mm, wings right-triangular, open, widely so at base, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments pale pink to nearly cream, sessile, scoop-shaped, 9–15 mm, exceeding style apex, apex truncate with proximal tooth on each side and long-attenuate, flared, glabrous, internal appendage subulate, exserted, sharply inflexed over style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, green to cream or pink.

erect to spreading;

calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, apex acute, pilosulous to puberulent with curved trichomes;

corolla pale green, campanulate, lobes ascending and exceeding corona segments, oval, (9–)12–15 mm, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous;

gynostegium sessile;

fused anthers brown and green, turbinate, 2.5–3 mm, wings shallowly trapezoidal, closed, apical appendages ovate, erose;

corona segments pale to dark purple, upper margin usually white, sessile, clavate-tubular, 3–5 mm, greatly exceeded by style apex, deflexed at base, margins connivent, apex ascending to incurved, rounded, upper margin and cavity hirtellous, internal appendage a low internal crest, hirtellous;

style apex shallowly depressed, green.

Seeds

ovate, 7–9 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces rugulose;

coma 2.5–3 cm.

broadly ovate, 5.5–7.5 × 4–6 mm, margin winged, obscurely erose at chalazal end, faces rugulose, minutely hirtellous;

coma 2.5–4 cm.

Follicles

erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, (5–)9–12 × 2–3 cm, apex long-attenuate, muricate or smooth, densely tomentose.

erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid to ovoid, 6–13 × (0.5–)1.2–3 cm, apex acuminate, shallowly rugose-ribbed, inconspicuously muricate apically on ribs, striate, pilosulous.

2n

= 22.

Asclepias speciosa

Asclepias viridis

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Sep; fruiting Jul–Oct. Flowering Jan–Nov; fruiting (Apr–)May–Nov.
Habitat Slopes, flats, hills, valleys, canyons, coulees, streamsides, lake and pond edges, ditches, swales, seeps, granite, basalt, schist, pumice, serpentine, alluvium, clay, sandy, silty, rocky, and saline soils, pine and mixed-conifer forests, oak and pine woodlands, chaparral, riparian woods, shrubby and non-native grasslands, prairies, meadows, agricultural fields. Slopes, flats, glades, ravines, fields, pastures, hammocks, ditches, shale, limestone, granite, sandstone, silty, sandy, rocky, clay, and calcareous soils, prairies, mesquite-juniper grasslands, oak-hickory, pine-oak, and riparian woodlands, oak forests, forest edges and openings.
Elevation 0–2600 m. (0–8500 ft.) 0–600 m. (0–2000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK [Introduced in e Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NE; OH; OK; TN; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Asclepias speciosa is the western counterpart of A. syriaca; both are broad-leaved species with large umbels of pinkish flowers. The distinctive, large, tapering corona segments, which form the broadest corona span of any American species of Asclepias, immediately distinguish A. speciosa from A. syriaca. These species hybridize extensively from Minnesota and southern Manitoba to Kansas, blurring the distinctions in the zone of contact, which corresponds roughly to the transition from tallgrass to mixed-grass prairie (R. P. Adams et al. 1987b). Not every individual in this zone can be readily assigned to one species or the other. This is the most extensive hybrid zone in North American Asclepias. These hybrids have also been documented in Illinois, far to the east of the contact zone. Possible hybrids with A. eriocarpa and A. hallii in California are discussed under those species. Outside of its contiguous range in the West, A. speciosa is known from a few sporadic, mostly historical records from Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, and Wisconsin. Most, if not all, of these records represent adventive, ephemeral outposts from the native range.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Asclepias viridis is similar only to its sister species, A. asperula. The broader leaves with broader apices and corona segments that are less than half the length of the corolla lobes readily distinguish A. viridis from A. asperula. These species are also largely segregated edaphically: A. viridis on deeper, valley soils and A. asperula on rocky, upland soils. Hybrids between A. viridis and A. asperula subsp. capricornu have been documented at several locations in northern Texas and southern Oklahoma. Both species flower early in that region (April–May) and may re-flower sporadically through the summer in response to disturbance from fire or mowing, with a second peak of flowering in the fall when weather conditions are favorable. Asclepias viridis displays an unusual distribution. Outside of the tall- and mixed-grass prairies of the southern Great Plains, where it is most abundant, it occupies glade habitats across the eastern United States, extending to chalk prairies in the southeastern states and pine rocklands in southern Florida. It is rare at the margins of its range and is considered to be of conservation concern in Indiana (Clark and Harrison counties) and West Virginia (Jackson and Wirt counties). Recently, it has been documented to occur in Iowa, close to the Missouri state line in Ringgold County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Apocynaceae > Asclepias Apocynaceae > Asclepias
Sibling taxa
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridula, A. welshii
Synonyms Acerates paniculata, Anantherix paniculata, A. viridis, Asclepiodora viridis, Podostigma viride
Name authority Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 218. (1827) Walter: Fl. Carol., 107. (1788)
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