Asclepias lemmonii |
Asclepias fascicularis |
|
---|---|---|
big-leaf milkweed, Lemmon's milkweed |
Mexican whorled milkweed, narrow-leaf milkweed, narrow-leaf or Mexican or Mexican whorled milkweed |
|
Habit | Herbs. | Herbs. |
Stems | 1–3, erect to ascending, unbranched, very stout, 100–150 cm, densely hirsute, not glaucous, rhizomes absent(?). |
few–numerous, erect, sparsely to moderately branched, 50–150 cm, glabrous, not glaucous, rhizomes absent. |
Leaves | opposite, petiolate, with 1 stipular colleter on each side of petiole; petiole 1–5 mm, hirsute; blade oval or oblong to ovate, 7–22 × 3–14 cm, subsucculent, base truncate to subcordate, margins entire, apex obtuse to truncate or emarginate, mucronate, venation brochidodromous, secondary veins nearly orthogonal, surfaces hirsute, margins ciliate, 8–16 laminar colleters. |
3–5-whorled, sessile or petiolate, with 1–3 stipular colleters on each side of petiole on a ciliate interpetiolar ridge; petiole 0–4 mm, margins puberulent with curved trichomes; blade linear to linear-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, often somewhat conduplicate, 4.5–13 × 0.2–1.8 cm, membranous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute or attenuate to obtuse, mucronate, venation obscure to faintly eucamptodromous, surfaces glabrous, margins eciliate, laminar colleters absent. |
Inflorescences | terminal, paired, and extra-axillary, pedunculate, 21–53-flowered; peduncle 6–13 cm, densely hirsute, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel. |
terminal and extra-axillary at upper nodes, sometimes branched, pedunculate, 10–37-flowered; peduncle 0.4–5.5 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line to glabrate, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel. |
Pedicels | 13–22 mm, densely hirsute. |
9–14 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous. |
Flowers | erect to pendent; calyx lobes lanceolate, 3.5–6 mm, apex acute, hirsute; corolla cream to greenish cream or ochroleucous, sometimes tinged pink, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 9–11 mm, apex acute, glabrous; gynostegial column 0.5–1 mm; fused anthers greenish brown, cylindric, 2.5–3 mm, wings right-triangular, closed, apical appendages oval; corona segments cream to ochroleucous, sometimes tinged pink, shiny, subsessile, conduplicate, 6–8 mm, equaling or exceeding style apex, apex truncate, spreading and tapering, glabrous, internal appendage laterally compressed, erect, barely exserted, glabrous; style apex shallowly depressed, green or pink. |
erect; calyx lobes lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous; corolla pale to dark pink, rarely pale green with a pink tinge, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oval, 3–5 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially; gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm; fused anthers green, cylindric, 1.5–2 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid; corona segments cream, often tinged or striped pink, stipitate, cupulate, dorsally somewhat flattened, 1.5–2 mm, exceeded by style apex, apex obtuse, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching towards style apex, glabrous; style apex shallowly depressed, cream. |
Seeds | ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces minutely rugulose; coma 4–4.5 cm. |
ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces minutely rugulose; coma 2.5–3 cm. |
Follicles | erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, 9.5–13.5 × 2–3 cm, apex attenuate, smooth, densely hirsute. |
erect on straight pedicels, fusiform, 6–9 × 0.5–1 cm, apex attenuate, smooth, glabrous. |
2n | = 22. |
|
Asclepias lemmonii |
Asclepias fascicularis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep; fruiting Aug–Oct. | Flowering Apr–Oct; fruiting (Jun–)Jul–Nov. |
Habitat | Canyons, slopes, streamsides, rocky and clay soils, pine-oak, pine, and riparian forests, oak woodlands, marshes. | Valleys, slopes, hills, streamsides, ditches, seeps, hot springs, wet depressions, arroyos, vernal pools, basalt, granite, limestone, clay, sandy, and silty soils, native, non-native, and shrubby grasslands, oak, pine-oak, juniper, pinyon-juniper, and riparian woodlands, chaparral, coastal sage scrub, pine and mixed-conifer forests, sometimes following fires. |
Elevation | 1200–2200 m. (3900–7200 ft.) | 0–2300 m. (0–7500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Sonora, Zacatecas)
|
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
|
Discussion | A highly distinctive species, Asclepias lemmonii just barely enters the United States in southern Arizona (Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties), where it inhabits canyons in pine-oak clad sky-island ranges. Asclepias elata is a common co-inhabitant of these canyons. Asclepias lemmonii has been documented from the Baboquiviri, Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita mountains, and it is not common in any of these. It is considered to be of conservation concern in Arizona. The large, hirsute leaves with nearly orthogonal venation and robust, hirsute stems of A. lemmonii are unmatched among American milkweeds. Plants may reach heights over 2 m in the main range of the species in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Asclepias mexicana Decaisne was misapplied to A. fascicularis in the past; this is the legitimate name of a related species endemic to southern and eastern Mexico. The common name Mexican (whorled) milkweed stems from this past confusion. Compared to its close relatives A. angustifolia, A. linearis, A. pumila, A. subverticillata, and A. verticillata, the leaves of A. fascicularis are not particularly narrow (despite the implication of another common name). However, very narrow leaves are found in A. fascicularis when it is growing at relatively dry sites, especially at the eastern limit of its range in southeastern Idaho. Such specimens (for example, Mumford 272 [MO], Atwood 28495 [NY]) have been attributed in the past to A. subverticillata in error. Asclepias fascicularis is completely allopatric with its Incarnatae clade relatives (species 7–16). Like these species, it is easily cultivated, and its seeds are widely available. In Washington, the range of A. fascicularis is restricted largely to the valleys of the Columbia and Spokane rivers and in Idaho to the Snake and Weiser rivers. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Apocynaceae > Asclepias | Apocynaceae > Asclepias |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 85. (1883) — (as lemmoni) | Decaisne in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 8: 569. (1844) |
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