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broad-leaf milkweed, corn-kernel milkweed

low milkweed, plains milkweed, plains or low or dwarf milkweed

Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

1–10, erect, unbranched, 25–100 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes or thinly tomentose to glabrate, sometimes glaucous, rhizomatous.

1–12, erect, unbranched to moderately branched below, 10–30 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomatous.

Leaves

opposite, sessile or petiolate, with 1–4 stipular colleters on each side of petiole, sometimes also in axil;

petiole 0–4 mm, thinly tomentose to glabrate;

blade oval or oblong to ovate or orbiculate, 5.5–14 × 3–14 cm, subsucculent to coriaceous, base cordate, sometimes clasping, margins entire, apex truncate to rounded, sometimes emarginate, mucronate, venation brochidodromous, surfaces thinly tomentose to glabrate, sometimes glaucous, margins minutely ciliate to glabrous, 24–80 laminar colleters.

alternate, sessile, with 1 stipular colleter on each side of leaf base;

blade needlelike to narrowly linear, 2.5–5.5 × 0.05–0.1 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, mucronate, venation obscure, surfaces glabrous, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent.

Inflorescences

extra-axillary, sessile or pedunculate, 20–59-flowered;

peduncle 0–2.5 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

extra-axillary at upper nodes, sometimes appearing terminal, pedunculate, 3–13-flowered;

peduncle 0.1–2 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

Pedicels

15–35 mm, densely tomentose to glabrate.

6–16 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes.

Flowers

erect to pendent;

calyx lobes lanceolate, 4–5 mm, apex acute, tomentose to glabrate;

corolla green, lobes reflexed, elliptic to oval, 7–9 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm;

fused anthers green, cylindric, 3–3.5 mm, wings right-triangular, closed, apical appendages ovate;

corona segments cream, sometimes dorsally yellow, aging yellow, stipitate, conduplicate, dorsally rounded, 3–5.5 mm, equaling to slightly exceeding style apex, apex truncate, oblique, papillose, internal appendage falcate, exserted, sharply inflexed over style apex, papillose;

style apex shallowly depressed, green.

erect;

calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate;

corolla pink to cream with a pink tinge, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 3.5–4.5 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 0.8–1 mm;

fused anthers green, columnar, 1–1.5 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments cream, sometimes tinged or striped pink, stipitate, tubular, dorsally flattened, 2–2.5 mm, exceeded by to equaling style apex, apex obtuse, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching towards style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, cream.

Seeds

ovate, 7–8 × 5–6 mm, winged, faces minutely rugulose to smooth;

coma 3–4 cm.

ovate, 5–6 × 3–5 mm, margin winged, faces smooth;

coma 2–3 cm.

Follicles

erect on upcurved pedicels, ovoid, 6.5–9.5 × 2–3 cm, apex obtuse to apiculate, smooth, minutely pilosulous to thinly tomentulose.

erect on straight pedicels, narrowly fusiform, 2.5–9.5 × 0.5–1 cm, apex acuminate to attenuate, smooth, minutely puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate.

2n

= 22.

Asclepias latifolia

Asclepias pumila

Phenology Flowering May–Sep; fruiting Jun–Oct. Flowering (May–)Jun–Sep; fruiting Aug–Oct.
Habitat Plains, hills, slopes, dunes, canyons, arroyos, terraces, springs, ditches, limestone, shale, sandstone, caliche, silty, clay, sandy, rocky, and gravel soils, prairies, shrubby and mesquite grasslands, pastures, desert scrub, pinyon-juniper, juniper, and riparian woodlands, pine forests. Slopes, bluffs, plains, sandhills, dunes, rock outcrops, playas, ditches, basalt, alluvium, sandy, clay, rocky, and gravel soils, prairies, meadows, shrubby grasslands, pine woodlands.
Elevation 400–2300 m. (1300–7500 ft.) 600–2300 m. (2000–7500 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CO; KS; NE; NM; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; KS; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Asclepias latifolia is a distinctive species of the western Great Plains and Colorado Plateau, rising above short grasses and appearing as squat, leafy pagodas. It is most likely to be confused with A. arenaria (which is restricted to sandy substrates) due to the overlapping leaf shapes and floral colors of these species. Asclepias latifolia favors clayey, often rocky soils, but can be found also on sandy soils, especially on the Colorado Plateau, outside the range of A. arenaria. These species can be distinguished by habit (erect in A. latifolia versus erect to decumbent in A. arenaria), vestiture (more uniformly and persistently hairy in A. arenaria), petioles (absent or nearly so in A. latifolia versus present in A. arenaria), and the flower and seed characters included in the key. Asclepias speciosa in the absence of reproductive structures is also commonly confused with A. latifolia, but the leaves of A. speciosa are distinctly petiolate, persistently hairy, and typically taper to the apex. There is an apparent gap in the distribution of A. latifolia on the eastern Colorado Plateau, in northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado, but the disjunct portions of the range are not accompanied by phenotypic divergence. Asclepias latifolia is limited in Nebraska to southwestern counties (Deuel, Dundy, Franklin, and Hayes), but it is apparently not uncommon there. Likewise, it is common in its limited range in Utah (Garfield, Grand, Kane, San Juan, and Wayne counties).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Asclepias linaria and A. pumila of southeastern Arizona and extreme southwestern New Mexico are the only milkweeds with densely spiraled, linear to needlelike leaves. Hybrids with A. subverticillata and A. verticillata have been documented; see discussion under these species. When not flowering, A. pumila is cryptic and easily overlooked in its grassland habitat, especially when growing among Bouteloua species. Specimens supposedly from Illinois and Arizona (C. Mohr [US]) undoubtedly have incorrect label data. A population in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico (Otero County) appears to be a significant southern disjunction.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Apocynaceae > Asclepias Apocynaceae > Asclepias
Sibling taxa
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
Synonyms A. obtusifolia var. latifolia A. verticillata var. pumila
Name authority (Torrey) Rafinesque: Atlantic J. 1: 146. (1832) (A. Gray) Vail: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 175. (1898)
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