The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Mexican whorled milkweed, narrow-leaf milkweed, narrow-leaf or Mexican or Mexican whorled milkweed

asclépiade belle, showy milkweed

Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

few–numerous, erect, sparsely to moderately branched, 50–150 cm, glabrous, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.

1–few, erect, unbranched (rarely branched), 30–125 cm, tomentose to puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomatous.

Leaves

3–5-whorled, sessile or petiolate, with 1–3 stipular colleters on each side of petiole on a ciliate interpetiolar ridge;

petiole 0–4 mm, margins puberulent with curved trichomes;

blade linear to linear-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, often somewhat conduplicate, 4.5–13 × 0.2–1.8 cm, membranous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute or attenuate to obtuse, mucronate, venation obscure to faintly eucamptodromous, surfaces glabrous, margins eciliate, laminar colleters absent.

opposite, petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole, sometimes also in axil;

petiole 4–12 mm, tomentose to pilose;

blade lanceolate or ovate to oblong, 6–20 × 2–14 cm, chartaceous, base rounded to truncate or cordate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, venation faintly brochidodromous, surfaces tomentose to pilose, margins ciliate, 6–32 laminar colleters.

Inflorescences

terminal and extra-axillary at upper nodes, sometimes branched, pedunculate, 10–37-flowered;

peduncle 0.4–5.5 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line to glabrate, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

extra-axillary, pedunculate, 3–34-flowered;

peduncle 1–10 cm, densely tomentose, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

Pedicels

9–14 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous.

13–30 mm, densely tomentose.

Flowers

erect;

calyx lobes lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous;

corolla pale to dark pink, rarely pale green with a pink tinge, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oval, 3–5 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm;

fused anthers green, cylindric, 1.5–2 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments cream, often tinged or striped pink, stipitate, cupulate, dorsally somewhat flattened, 1.5–2 mm, exceeded by style apex, apex obtuse, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching towards style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, cream.

erect to pendent;

calyx lobes elliptic, 4–8 mm, apex acute, tomentose;

corolla dark pink (rarely pale), lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 9–12 mm, apex acute, densely pilose abaxially, hirtellous at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 0.5–1 mm;

fused anthers green and brown, truncately obconic, 2.5–3 mm, wings right-triangular, open, widely so at base, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments pale pink to nearly cream, sessile, scoop-shaped, 9–15 mm, exceeding style apex, apex truncate with proximal tooth on each side and long-attenuate, flared, glabrous, internal appendage subulate, exserted, sharply inflexed over style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, green to cream or pink.

Seeds

ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces minutely rugulose;

coma 2.5–3 cm.

ovate, 7–9 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces rugulose;

coma 2.5–3 cm.

Follicles

erect on straight pedicels, fusiform, 6–9 × 0.5–1 cm, apex attenuate, smooth, glabrous.

erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, (5–)9–12 × 2–3 cm, apex long-attenuate, muricate or smooth, densely tomentose.

2n

= 22.

= 22.

Asclepias fascicularis

Asclepias speciosa

Phenology Flowering Apr–Oct; fruiting (Jun–)Jul–Nov. Flowering (Apr–)May–Sep; fruiting Jul–Oct.
Habitat Valleys, slopes, hills, streamsides, ditches, seeps, hot springs, wet depressions, arroyos, vernal pools, basalt, granite, limestone, clay, sandy, and silty soils, native, non-native, and shrubby grasslands, oak, pine-oak, juniper, pinyon-juniper, and riparian woodlands, chaparral, coastal sage scrub, pine and mixed-conifer forests, sometimes following fires. Slopes, flats, hills, valleys, canyons, coulees, streamsides, lake and pond edges, ditches, swales, seeps, granite, basalt, schist, pumice, serpentine, alluvium, clay, sandy, silty, rocky, and saline soils, pine and mixed-conifer forests, oak and pine woodlands, chaparral, riparian woods, shrubby and non-native grasslands, prairies, meadows, agricultural fields.
Elevation 0–2300 m. (0–7500 ft.) 0–2600 m. (0–8500 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK [Introduced in e Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Asclepias mexicana Decaisne was misapplied to A. fascicularis in the past; this is the legitimate name of a related species endemic to southern and eastern Mexico. The common name Mexican (whorled) milkweed stems from this past confusion. Compared to its close relatives A. angustifolia, A. linearis, A. pumila, A. subverticillata, and A. verticillata, the leaves of A. fascicularis are not particularly narrow (despite the implication of another common name). However, very narrow leaves are found in A. fascicularis when it is growing at relatively dry sites, especially at the eastern limit of its range in southeastern Idaho. Such specimens (for example, Mumford 272 [MO], Atwood 28495 [NY]) have been attributed in the past to A. subverticillata in error. Asclepias fascicularis is completely allopatric with its Incarnatae clade relatives (species 7–16). Like these species, it is easily cultivated, and its seeds are widely available. In Washington, the range of A. fascicularis is restricted largely to the valleys of the Columbia and Spokane rivers and in Idaho to the Snake and Weiser rivers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Asclepias speciosa is the western counterpart of A. syriaca; both are broad-leaved species with large umbels of pinkish flowers. The distinctive, large, tapering corona segments, which form the broadest corona span of any American species of Asclepias, immediately distinguish A. speciosa from A. syriaca. These species hybridize extensively from Minnesota and southern Manitoba to Kansas, blurring the distinctions in the zone of contact, which corresponds roughly to the transition from tallgrass to mixed-grass prairie (R. P. Adams et al. 1987b). Not every individual in this zone can be readily assigned to one species or the other. This is the most extensive hybrid zone in North American Asclepias. These hybrids have also been documented in Illinois, far to the east of the contact zone. Possible hybrids with A. eriocarpa and A. hallii in California are discussed under those species. Outside of its contiguous range in the West, A. speciosa is known from a few sporadic, mostly historical records from Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, and Wisconsin. Most, if not all, of these records represent adventive, ephemeral outposts from the native range.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Apocynaceae > Asclepias Apocynaceae > Asclepias
Sibling taxa
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
Name authority Decaisne in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 8: 569. (1844) Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 218. (1827)
Web links