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Mexican whorled milkweed, narrow-leaf milkweed, narrow-leaf or Mexican or Mexican whorled milkweed

Arizona milkweed, narrow-leaf milkweed

Habit Herbs. Subshrubs or herbs, cespitose.
Stems

few–numerous, erect, sparsely to moderately branched, 50–150 cm, glabrous, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.

few–numerous, erect, sparsely to moderately branched, 20–60 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.

Leaves

3–5-whorled, sessile or petiolate, with 1–3 stipular colleters on each side of petiole on a ciliate interpetiolar ridge;

petiole 0–4 mm, margins puberulent with curved trichomes;

blade linear to linear-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, often somewhat conduplicate, 4.5–13 × 0.2–1.8 cm, membranous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute or attenuate to obtuse, mucronate, venation obscure to faintly eucamptodromous, surfaces glabrous, margins eciliate, laminar colleters absent.

persistent or gradually caducous from the base, opposite, petiolate, with 1 stipular colleter on each side of petiole on a ciliate interpetiolar ridge;

petiole 2–4 mm, surfaces puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate;

blade linear, 3.5–10 × 0.2–0.8 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, venation faintly brochidodromous to obscure, puberulent with curved trichomes on midvein, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent.

Inflorescences

terminal and extra-axillary at upper nodes, sometimes branched, pedunculate, 10–37-flowered;

peduncle 0.4–5.5 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line to glabrate, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

extra-axillary at upper nodes, pedunculate, 3–15-flowered;

peduncle 0.7–5 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

Pedicels

9–14 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous.

8–18 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes in a line.

Flowers

erect;

calyx lobes lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous;

corolla pale to dark pink, rarely pale green with a pink tinge, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oval, 3–5 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm;

fused anthers green, cylindric, 1.5–2 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments cream, often tinged or striped pink, stipitate, cupulate, dorsally somewhat flattened, 1.5–2 mm, exceeded by style apex, apex obtuse, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching towards style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, cream.

erect;

calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes;

corolla cream, sometimes pink-striped or -tinged, to pink, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 4–5 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;

gynostegial column 0.8–1 mm;

fused anthers brown, columnar, 1.5–2 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments cream, sometimes pink at base, stipitate, tubular, dorsally rounded, 3–3.5 mm, exceeding style apex, apex obtuse, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching over style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, cream.

Seeds

ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, margin winged, faces minutely rugulose;

coma 2.5–3 cm.

ovate, 4.5–6 × 3–4 mm, margin narrowly winged, faces smooth;

coma 2–3 cm.

Follicles

erect on straight pedicels, fusiform, 6–9 × 0.5–1 cm, apex attenuate, smooth, glabrous.

erect on straight pedicels, narrowly fusiform, 4–10 × 0.4–0.7 cm, apex long-acuminate to attenuate, smooth, glabrous.

2n

= 22.

Asclepias fascicularis

Asclepias angustifolia

Phenology Flowering Apr–Oct; fruiting (Jun–)Jul–Nov. Flowering Apr–Oct; fruiting Jul–Oct.
Habitat Valleys, slopes, hills, streamsides, ditches, seeps, hot springs, wet depressions, arroyos, vernal pools, basalt, granite, limestone, clay, sandy, and silty soils, native, non-native, and shrubby grasslands, oak, pine-oak, juniper, pinyon-juniper, and riparian woodlands, chaparral, coastal sage scrub, pine and mixed-conifer forests, sometimes following fires. Canyon bot­toms, streamsides, arroyos, sandy or rocky soils, ripar­ian forest, pine-oak-juniper forest.
Elevation 0–2300 m. (0–7500 ft.) 1000–1800 m. (3300–5900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Asclepias mexicana Decaisne was misapplied to A. fascicularis in the past; this is the legitimate name of a related species endemic to southern and eastern Mexico. The common name Mexican (whorled) milkweed stems from this past confusion. Compared to its close relatives A. angustifolia, A. linearis, A. pumila, A. subverticillata, and A. verticillata, the leaves of A. fascicularis are not particularly narrow (despite the implication of another common name). However, very narrow leaves are found in A. fascicularis when it is growing at relatively dry sites, especially at the eastern limit of its range in southeastern Idaho. Such specimens (for example, Mumford 272 [MO], Atwood 28495 [NY]) have been attributed in the past to A. subverticillata in error. Asclepias fascicularis is completely allopatric with its Incarnatae clade relatives (species 7–16). Like these species, it is easily cultivated, and its seeds are widely available. In Washington, the range of A. fascicularis is restricted largely to the valleys of the Columbia and Spokane rivers and in Idaho to the Snake and Weiser rivers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The common name Arizona milkweed is misleading, as Asclepias angustifolia is narrowly distributed and uncommon in Arizona but widely distributed and locally common across mountainous regions of Mexico. Like A. linaria, this widespread species is probably relictual in its canyon habitat in southern Arizona. Asclepias angustifolia has been documented from the Atascosa, Dragoon, Huachuca, Pajarito, Rincon, Santa Catalina, and Santa Rita mountains (Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties). As with many milkweeds, the floral displays of well-developed plants are magnets for large numbers of Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Like A. curassavica and other members of the Incarnatae clade (species 7–16), A. angustifolia develops rapidly from seed and transplants well, making it a desirable species for the garden. Although its frost hardiness is limited, it can be used as a horticultural annual.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Apocynaceae > Asclepias Apocynaceae > Asclepias
Sibling taxa
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
Synonyms A. linifolia
Name authority Decaisne in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 8: 569. (1844) Schweigger: Enum. Pl. Hort. Regiom., 13. (1812)
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