Asclepias cordifolia
Asclepias viridis
heart-leaf milkweed, purple milkweed
green antelopehorn, green antelopehorn or green or spider milkweed, green milkweed
1–20, ascending to spreading, unbranched, 25–100 cm, glabrous, glaucous, rhizomes absent.
1–25, decumbent to erect, unbranched or rarely branched, 15–70 cm, inconspicuously puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.
opposite, sessile, stipular colleters absent;
blade ovate to lanceolate, 3.5–11 × 1.8–8 cm, chartaceous, base cordate, clasping, margins entire, apex acute, mucronate, venation brochidodromous to eucamptodromous, surfaces glabrous, glaucous, margins minutely ciliate, laminar colleters absent.
alternate to subopposite, petiolate, with 1–4 stipular colleters on each side of petiole plus 2–4 in axil;
petiole 2–6 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate;
blade oblong or ovate to oval, elliptic, or lanceolate, 3–13 × 1–6 cm, chartaceous, base rounded to subcordate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, often emarginate, sometimes mucronate, venation eucamptodromous to faintly brochidodromous, surfaces puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate, more densely so on veins, margins ciliate, 6–12 laminar colleters.
terminal, branched, sometimes also extra-axillary at upper nodes, pedunculate, 5–20-flowered;
peduncle 0.3–6.5 cm, apically sparsely pilose to glabrate, with few bracts.
terminal, pedunculate, 4–23-flowered;
peduncle usually branched, 0.5–6 cm, pilosulous to puberulent with curved trichomes, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.
16–37 mm, sparsely pilose.
(8–)14–23 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous.
erect to pendent;
calyx lobes elliptic to lanceolate, 3–5 mm, apex acute, pilose;
corolla red-violet, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oval, 6–7 mm, apex acute, glabrous;
gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm;
fused anthers brown, cylindric, 1.5–2 mm, wings right-triangular, open at tip, apical appendages deltoid;
corona segments white, tinged pink to red-violet at base, sessile, tubular, 2–3 mm, exceeded by style apex, base saccate, apex truncate, oblique, glabrous, internal appendage absent;
style apex shallowly depressed, pink to red-violet.
erect to spreading;
calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, apex acute, pilosulous to puberulent with curved trichomes;
corolla pale green, campanulate, lobes ascending and exceeding corona segments, oval, (9–)12–15 mm, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous;
gynostegium sessile;
fused anthers brown and green, turbinate, 2.5–3 mm, wings shallowly trapezoidal, closed, apical appendages ovate, erose;
corona segments pale to dark purple, upper margin usually white, sessile, clavate-tubular, 3–5 mm, greatly exceeded by style apex, deflexed at base, margins connivent, apex ascending to incurved, rounded, upper margin and cavity hirtellous, internal appendage a low internal crest, hirtellous;
style apex shallowly depressed, green.
ovate, 8–9 × 5–7 mm, margin not winged, faces reticulate-rugulose;
coma 3–3.5 cm.
broadly ovate, 5.5–7.5 × 4–6 mm, margin winged, obscurely erose at chalazal end, faces rugulose, minutely hirtellous;
coma 2.5–4 cm.
erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, 7.5–10.5 × 1.5–1.8 cm, apex long-acuminate, smooth, glabrous, glaucous.
erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid to ovoid, 6–13 × (0.5–)1.2–3 cm, apex acuminate, shallowly rugose-ribbed, inconspicuously muricate apically on ribs, striate, pilosulous.
= 22.
Asclepias cordifolia
Asclepias viridis
Fresh leaves and stems of Asclepias cordifolia are often slightly or strongly colored bluish, grayish, or purplish. This is one of the few American species of Asclepias with cavitate corona segments that lack adaxial appendages. Such species were segregated along with diverse African species in Gomphocarpus R. Brown, a polyphyletic segregate (M. Fishbein et al. 2011; D. Chuba et al. 2017). Asclepias cordifolia is a distinctive species unlike any other within its range. It is phylogenetically and geographically isolated, although not highly derived morphologically. In Nevada, A. cordifolia is restricted to the Sierra Nevada, in Carson City, Douglas, and Washoe counties. Its range extends to northern California and southwestern Oregon.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Asclepias viridis is similar only to its sister species, A. asperula. The broader leaves with broader apices and corona segments that are less than half the length of the corolla lobes readily distinguish A. viridis from A. asperula. These species are also largely segregated edaphically: A. viridis on deeper, valley soils and A. asperula on rocky, upland soils. Hybrids between A. viridis and A. asperula subsp. capricornu have been documented at several locations in northern Texas and southern Oklahoma. Both species flower early in that region (April–May) and may re-flower sporadically through the summer in response to disturbance from fire or mowing, with a second peak of flowering in the fall when weather conditions are favorable. Asclepias viridis displays an unusual distribution. Outside of the tall- and mixed-grass prairies of the southern Great Plains, where it is most abundant, it occupies glade habitats across the eastern United States, extending to chalk prairies in the southeastern states and pine rocklands in southern Florida. It is rare at the margins of its range and is considered to be of conservation concern in Indiana (Clark and Harrison counties) and West Virginia (Jackson and Wirt counties). Recently, it has been documented to occur in Iowa, close to the Missouri state line in Ringgold County.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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