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Asclepias cordifolia

heart-leaf milkweed, purple milkweed

San Juan milkweed

Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

1–20, ascending to spreading, unbranched, 25–100 cm, glabrous, glaucous, rhizomes absent.

1–8, decumbent, unbranched or branched near base, 4–13 cm, densely puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomatous.

Leaves

opposite, sessile, stipular colleters absent;

blade ovate to lanceolate, 3.5–11 × 1.8–8 cm, chartaceous, base cordate, clasping, margins entire, apex acute, mucronate, venation brochidodromous to eucamptodromous, surfaces glabrous, glaucous, margins minutely ciliate, laminar colleters absent.

opposite and alternate, petiolate, with 0 or 1 stipular colleter on either side of petiole;

petiole 2–5 mm, margins puberulent with curved trichomes;

blade lanceolate to ovate, 2–5 × 0.5–2 cm, chartaceous, base obtuse to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute to attenuate, venation eucamptodromous, surfaces sparsely pilosulous to glabrate, persistent on veins, margins densely ciliate, laminar colleters absent.

Inflorescences

terminal, branched, sometimes also extra-axillary at upper nodes, pedunculate, 5–20-flowered;

peduncle 0.3–6.5 cm, apically sparsely pilose to glabrate, with few bracts.

terminal and extra-axillary at upper nodes, sessile, 3–8-flowered, bracts few.

Pedicels

16–37 mm, sparsely pilose.

11–24 mm, densely pilosulous.

Flowers

erect to pendent;

calyx lobes elliptic to lanceolate, 3–5 mm, apex acute, pilose;

corolla red-violet, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oval, 6–7 mm, apex acute, glabrous;

gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm;

fused anthers brown, cylindric, 1.5–2 mm, wings right-triangular, open at tip, apical appendages deltoid;

corona segments white, tinged pink to red-violet at base, sessile, tubular, 2–3 mm, exceeded by style apex, base saccate, apex truncate, oblique, glabrous, internal appendage absent;

style apex shallowly depressed, pink to red-violet.

erect;

calyx lobes elliptic, 2–2.5 mm, apex acute, pilose;

corolla red-violet, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oval, 4–5 mm, apex acute, glabrous;

gynostegial column 0.2–0.5 mm;

fused anthers brown, cylindric, 1.5–2 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, apical appendages ovate, erose;

corona segments red-violet dorsally, white to orange proximally, sessile, cupulate, 1.5–2 mm, slightly exceeded by style apex, apex truncate with a proximal tooth on each side, glabrous, internal appendage falcate, barely exserted from cavity, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, pink to red-violet.

Seeds

ovate, 8–9 × 5–7 mm, margin not winged, faces reticulate-rugulose;

coma 3–3.5 cm.

broadly ovate, 8–9 × 6–7 mm, margin winged, erose, faces densely rugulose, lepidote;

coma 1–1.5 cm.

Follicles

erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, 7.5–10.5 × 1.5–1.8 cm, apex long-acuminate, smooth, glabrous, glaucous.

erect on upcurved pedicels, ovoid, 3–5 × 0.7–1 cm, apex acuminate, smooth, pilosulous to tomentulose.

2n

= 22.

Asclepias cordifolia

Asclepias sanjuanensis

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jul(–Aug); fruiting Jun–Sep. Flowering Apr–May; fruiting May–Jun.
Habitat Hill­sides, canyons, ridge tops, streamsides, seeps, basalt, serpentine, gabbro, granite, shale, limestone, talus slopes, gravel, alluvium, oak woodlands, mixed ever­green, douglas-fir, pine, pine-oak, and riparian forests, chaparral, timberline meadows, grasslands. Slopes, ridges, arroyos, sandstone, sandy, silty, and rocky soils, juniper and pinyon-juniper woodlands, shrubby grasslands, desert scrub.
Elevation 50–2200(–2800) m. [160–7200(–9200) ft.] 1400–1800 m. [4600–5900 ft.]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; NV; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; UT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Fresh leaves and stems of Asclepias cordifolia are often slightly or strongly colored bluish, grayish, or purplish. This is one of the few American species of Asclepias with cavitate corona segments that lack adaxial appendages. Such species were segregated along with diverse African species in Gomphocarpus R. Brown, a polyphyletic segregate (M. Fishbein et al. 2011; D. Chuba et al. 2017). Asclepias cordifolia is a distinctive species unlike any other within its range. It is phylogenetically and geographically isolated, although not highly derived morphologically. In Nevada, A. cordifolia is restricted to the Sierra Nevada, in Carson City, Douglas, and Washoe counties. Its range extends to northern California and southwestern Oregon.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

As discussed under Asclepias eastwoodiana, A. sanjuanensis is part of a complex of four species sometimes recognized as a single species. The range of A. sanjuanensis is larger than initially realized, extending across northwestern Arizona (Apache and Navajo counties) and barely entering southeastern Utah (San Juan County), as discussed under A. ruthiae. These two species are completely allopatric. In New Mexico, A. sanjuanensis is restricted to San Juan County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. Treatment author: Mark Fishbein. FNA vol. 14. Treatment author: Mark Fishbein.
Parent taxa Apocynaceae > Asclepias Apocynaceae > Asclepias
Sibling taxa
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
Synonyms Acerates cordifolia, Gomphocarpus cordifolius
Name authority (Bentham) Jepson: Fl. W. Calif., 384. (1901) K. D. Heil: J. M. Porter & S. L. Welsh, Great Basin Naturalist 49: 100, fig. 1. (1989)
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