Asclepias cordifolia |
Asclepias pumila |
|
---|---|---|
heart-leaf milkweed, purple milkweed |
low milkweed, plains milkweed, plains or low or dwarf milkweed |
|
Habit | Herbs. | Herbs. |
Stems | 1–20, ascending to spreading, unbranched, 25–100 cm, glabrous, glaucous, rhizomes absent. |
1–12, erect, unbranched to moderately branched below, 10–30 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes, not glaucous, rhizomatous. |
Leaves | opposite, sessile, stipular colleters absent; blade ovate to lanceolate, 3.5–11 × 1.8–8 cm, chartaceous, base cordate, clasping, margins entire, apex acute, mucronate, venation brochidodromous to eucamptodromous, surfaces glabrous, glaucous, margins minutely ciliate, laminar colleters absent. |
alternate, sessile, with 1 stipular colleter on each side of leaf base; blade needlelike to narrowly linear, 2.5–5.5 × 0.05–0.1 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, mucronate, venation obscure, surfaces glabrous, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent. |
Inflorescences | terminal, branched, sometimes also extra-axillary at upper nodes, pedunculate, 5–20-flowered; peduncle 0.3–6.5 cm, apically sparsely pilose to glabrate, with few bracts. |
extra-axillary at upper nodes, sometimes appearing terminal, pedunculate, 3–13-flowered; peduncle 0.1–2 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel. |
Pedicels | 16–37 mm, sparsely pilose. |
6–16 mm, puberulent with curved trichomes. |
Flowers | erect to pendent; calyx lobes elliptic to lanceolate, 3–5 mm, apex acute, pilose; corolla red-violet, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oval, 6–7 mm, apex acute, glabrous; gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm; fused anthers brown, cylindric, 1.5–2 mm, wings right-triangular, open at tip, apical appendages deltoid; corona segments white, tinged pink to red-violet at base, sessile, tubular, 2–3 mm, exceeded by style apex, base saccate, apex truncate, oblique, glabrous, internal appendage absent; style apex shallowly depressed, pink to red-violet. |
erect; calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate; corolla pink to cream with a pink tinge, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, elliptic, 3.5–4.5 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially; gynostegial column 0.8–1 mm; fused anthers green, columnar, 1–1.5 mm, wings narrowly right-triangular, closed, apical appendages deltoid; corona segments cream, sometimes tinged or striped pink, stipitate, tubular, dorsally flattened, 2–2.5 mm, exceeded by to equaling style apex, apex obtuse, glabrous, internal appendage acicular, exserted, arching towards style apex, glabrous; style apex shallowly depressed, cream. |
Seeds | ovate, 8–9 × 5–7 mm, margin not winged, faces reticulate-rugulose; coma 3–3.5 cm. |
ovate, 5–6 × 3–5 mm, margin winged, faces smooth; coma 2–3 cm. |
Follicles | erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, 7.5–10.5 × 1.5–1.8 cm, apex long-acuminate, smooth, glabrous, glaucous. |
erect on straight pedicels, narrowly fusiform, 2.5–9.5 × 0.5–1 cm, apex acuminate to attenuate, smooth, minutely puberulent with curved trichomes to glabrate. |
2n | = 22. |
|
Asclepias cordifolia |
Asclepias pumila |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul(–Aug); fruiting Jun–Sep. | Flowering (May–)Jun–Sep; fruiting Aug–Oct. |
Habitat | Hillsides, canyons, ridge tops, streamsides, seeps, basalt, serpentine, gabbro, granite, shale, limestone, talus slopes, gravel, alluvium, oak woodlands, mixed evergreen, douglas-fir, pine, pine-oak, and riparian forests, chaparral, timberline meadows, grasslands. | Slopes, bluffs, plains, sandhills, dunes, rock outcrops, playas, ditches, basalt, alluvium, sandy, clay, rocky, and gravel soils, prairies, meadows, shrubby grasslands, pine woodlands. |
Elevation | 50–2200(–2800) m. [160–7200(–9200) ft.] | 600–2300 m. [2000–7500 ft.] |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR
|
CO; KS; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WY
|
Discussion | Fresh leaves and stems of Asclepias cordifolia are often slightly or strongly colored bluish, grayish, or purplish. This is one of the few American species of Asclepias with cavitate corona segments that lack adaxial appendages. Such species were segregated along with diverse African species in Gomphocarpus R. Brown, a polyphyletic segregate (M. Fishbein et al. 2011; D. Chuba et al. 2017). Asclepias cordifolia is a distinctive species unlike any other within its range. It is phylogenetically and geographically isolated, although not highly derived morphologically. In Nevada, A. cordifolia is restricted to the Sierra Nevada, in Carson City, Douglas, and Washoe counties. Its range extends to northern California and southwestern Oregon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Asclepias linaria and A. pumila of southeastern Arizona and extreme southwestern New Mexico are the only milkweeds with densely spiraled, linear to needlelike leaves. Hybrids with A. subverticillata and A. verticillata have been documented; see discussion under these species. When not flowering, A. pumila is cryptic and easily overlooked in its grassland habitat, especially when growing among Bouteloua species. Specimens supposedly from Illinois and Arizona (C. Mohr [US]) undoubtedly have incorrect label data. A population in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico (Otero County) appears to be a significant southern disjunction. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Acerates cordifolia, Gomphocarpus cordifolius | A. verticillata var. pumila |
Name authority | (Bentham) Jepson: Fl. W. Calif., 384. (1901) | (A. Gray) Vail: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 175. (1898) |
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