Flora of North America species comparison

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Asclepias brachystephana

Asclepias meadii

bract milkweed, short-crowned milkweed, shortcrown milkweed

Mead's milkweed
Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

4–25, erect, unbranched or branched near base, 20–40 cm, tomentulose, not glaucous, rhizomes absent.

1 (rarely 2), erect, unbranched, 20–80 cm, glabrous, glaucous, rhizomatous.
Leaves

opposite to subopposite, petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole;

petiole 2–8 mm, tomentulose;

blade linear-lanceolate, 5–15 × 0.3–1.3 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate to rounded, margins often obscurely crisped, apex acute, mucronate, venation brochidodromous, surfaces tomentulose to glabrate, midvein puberulent with curved trichomes, margins minutely ciliate, laminar colleters absent.

opposite, sessile, with 1 stipular colleter on each side of petiole;

blade ovate to lanceolate, 4.5–10 × 1–5 cm, chartaceous, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire, apex acute, venation brochidodromous, surfaces glabrous, glaucous, margins inconspicuously ciliate, laminar colleters absent.
Inflorescences

extra-axillary, pedunculate, 4–15-flowered;

peduncle 0.2–1.5 cm, tomentose, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.

terminal, rarely branched, pedunculate, 7–19-flowered;

peduncle (0–)3–10 cm, sparsely pilosulous to glabrate, glaucous, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.
Pedicels

9–15 mm, tomentose.

11–20 mm, pilosulous.
Flowers

erect;

calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, tomentulose;

corolla red-violet, sometimes green with red tinge, lobes reflexed, ovate, 4–6 mm, apex acute, minutely pilosulous;

gynostegium subsessile;

fused anthers brown, cylindric, 2–2.5 mm, wings right-triangular, closed, apical appendages ovate;

corona segments red-violet to pink basally, white apically, sessile, tubular, 1.5–2 mm, greatly exceeded by style apex, apex truncate, oblique, with a proximal tooth on each side, glabrous, internal appendage lingulate, slightly exserted, sharply inflexed towards gynostegium, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, red-violet.

pendent;

calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 4–5 mm, apex acute, pilosulous;

corolla green to greenish cream, sometimes tinged red, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oval, 7–9 mm, apex acute, glabrous;

gynostegial column 1.5–1.8 mm, fused anthers green, truncately obconic, 2–2.5 mm, wings right-triangular, closed, apical appendages ovate;

corona segments green to yellowish green or greenish cream, sessile, conduplicate, dorsally rounded, 4–5.5 mm, greatly exceeding style apex, base saccate, apex obtuse, emarginate, slightly flared, glabrous, internal appendage falcate, exserted, sharply inflexed towards style apex, glabrous;

style apex shallowly depressed, green.
Seeds

oval to ovate, 6–7 × 4–6 mm, margin winged, faces papillate-tomentulose with dendritic scales;

coma 2–2.5 cm.

ovate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, winged, faces coarsely papillose;

coma 3–4.5 cm.
Follicles

erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, 5–7 × 1.2–1.8 cm, apex acuminate, shallowly ribbed, conspicuously striate, tomentulose.

erect on upcurved pedicels, narrowly fusiform, 7–14 × 0.9–1.6 cm, apex long-acuminate, smooth to minutely rugulose, puberulent with curved trichomes.

Asclepias brachystephana

Asclepias meadii
Phenology Flowering Apr–Sep(–Oct); fruiting (May–)Jun–Oct. Flowering May–Jun(–Jul); fruiting Jun–Aug.
Habitat Plains, bajadas, pastures, arroyos, stream banks, ripar­ian areas, limestone, igneous substrates, alluvium, gravel, clay, silty, and sandy soils, desert grasslands, desert scrub, oak-juniper, juniper, and mesquite woodlands. Dry, upland prairies, chert-lime glades.
Elevation 900–1900 m. (3000–6200 ft.) 100–500 m. (300–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora, Zacatecas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
IA; IL; IN; KS; MO; WI
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Asclepias brachystephana is a blue-gray, bushy herb with ascending foliage, few-flowered umbels of small, red and white flowers, and conspicuously striped follicles. It is unlike any other milkweed. Nonetheless, herbarium specimens are commonly confused with those of A. asperula because the herbage of A. brachystephana turns green on drying, and the leaves of A. asperula subsp. asperula are often of similar size and shape. However, leaf arrangement in A. asperula is alternate rather than opposite. The flowers of A. brachystephana are remarkably similar to, and convergent with, those of A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, and A. uncialis (M. Fishbein et al. 2011). In Arizona, A. brachystephana is restricted to the portion of the southeastern corner of the state with Chihuahuan floristic affinities, in Cochise, Graham, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

With respect to historical range reduction and potential threats, Asclepias meadii is the most endangered North American milkweed species and is considered to be of conservation concern in each of the states in which it occurs. Nearly all of the viable populations are now restricted to Missouri and eastern Kansas; many of these are found in hay meadows, in which fruit maturation does not occur. Asclepias meadii is endemic to the highly-impacted tallgrass prairie ecoregion and is thought to be rare as a result of habitat loss. Consequently, concern for the continued existence of this species can be considered emblematic of concern for the tallgrass prairie as a whole. Active recovery efforts have achieved limited success, with newly established populations experiencing high mortality and slow growth of transplants. It has been re-introduced to Indiana and Wisconsin, but long-term survival of these populations is uncertain. The sessile, glaucous leaves and pendent umbels on a long peduncle suggest a diminutive version of A. elata; however, these species do not appear to be closely related (Fishbein et al. 2011). The terminal inflorescence of pendent umbels is unique among tallgrass prairie milkweeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Apocynaceae > Asclepias Apocynaceae > Asclepias
Sibling taxa
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. meadii, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
A. albicans, A. amplexicaulis, A. angustifolia, A. arenaria, A. asperula, A. brachystephana, A. californica, A. cinerea, A. connivens, A. cordifolia, A. cryptoceras, A. curassavica, A. curtissii, A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. elata, A. emoryi, A. engelmanniana, A. eriocarpa, A. erosa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. feayi, A. hallii, A. hirtella, A. humistrata, A. hypoleuca, A. incarnata, A. involucrata, A. labriformis, A. lanceolata, A. lanuginosa, A. latifolia, A. lemmonii, A. linaria, A. linearis, A. longifolia, A. macrosperma, A. macrotis, A. michauxii, A. nummularia, A. nyctaginifolia, A. obovata, A. oenotheroides, A. ovalifolia, A. pedicellata, A. perennis, A. prostrata, A. pumila, A. purpurascens, A. quadrifolia, A. quinquedentata, A. rubra, A. rusbyi, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, A. scaposa, A. solanoana, A. speciosa, A. sperryi, A. stenophylla, A. subulata, A. subverticillata, A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. texana, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. uncialis, A. variegata, A. verticillata, A. vestita, A. viridiflora, A. viridis, A. viridula, A. welshii
Name authority Engelmann ex Torrey in W. H. Emory: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 163. (1859) Torrey ex A. Gray: Manual ed. 2, 704. (1856)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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