Asclepias brachystephana |
Asclepias cryptoceras |
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bract milkweed, short-crowned milkweed, shortcrown milkweed |
Davis' milkweed, Humboldt milkweed, Humboldt Mountains milkweed, jewel milkweed, pallid milkweed |
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Habit | Herbs. | Herbs. | ||||
Stems | 4–25, erect, unbranched or branched near base, 20–40 cm, tomentulose, not glaucous, rhizomes absent. |
1–16, prostrate to decumbent, unbranched, 8–25 cm, glabrous, glaucous, rhizomes absent. |
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Leaves | opposite to subopposite, petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole; petiole 2–8 mm, tomentulose; blade linear-lanceolate, 5–15 × 0.3–1.3 cm, chartaceous, base cuneate to rounded, margins often obscurely crisped, apex acute, mucronate, venation brochidodromous, surfaces tomentulose to glabrate, midvein puberulent with curved trichomes, margins minutely ciliate, laminar colleters absent. |
opposite, sessile or petiolate, stipular colleters absent; petiole 0–8 mm, glabrous, sometimes with a few long hairs at the base; blade broadly ovate or oval to orbiculate or obovate, 3–7 × 1.8–6 cm, subsucculent, base cuneate or obtuse to cordate or truncate, margins entire, apex rounded to obtuse or acute, mucronate, venation eucamptodromous to faintly brochidodromous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes sparsely strigose on midvein abaxially, glaucous, margins ciliate, laminar colleters absent. |
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Inflorescences | extra-axillary, pedunculate, 4–15-flowered; peduncle 0.2–1.5 cm, tomentose, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel. |
terminal, and usually extra-axillary at uppermost node, sessile, 3–10-flowered, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel. |
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Pedicels | 9–15 mm, tomentose. |
16–35 mm, glabrous. |
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Flowers | erect; calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, apex acute, tomentulose; corolla red-violet, sometimes green with red tinge, lobes reflexed, ovate, 4–6 mm, apex acute, minutely pilosulous; gynostegium subsessile; fused anthers brown, cylindric, 2–2.5 mm, wings right-triangular, closed, apical appendages ovate; corona segments red-violet to pink basally, white apically, sessile, tubular, 1.5–2 mm, greatly exceeded by style apex, apex truncate, oblique, with a proximal tooth on each side, glabrous, internal appendage lingulate, slightly exserted, sharply inflexed towards gynostegium, glabrous; style apex shallowly depressed, red-violet. |
ascending to pendent, calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, apex acute, sparsely strigose to pilosulous; corolla pale green to yellowish green, tinged red abaxially, lobes reflexed with spreading to ascending tips, oval, 8–14 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, papillose at base and minutely hirtellous at tips adaxially; gynostegium sessile; fused anthers dark brown, sometimes green at apex, broadly cylindric, 1.8–3 mm, wings right-triangular with rounded apex, closed, apical appendages deltoid; corona segments red-violet to pinkish purple, sessile, conduplicate, dorsally rounded, 5–8 mm, slightly exceeded by to exceeding style apex, base subsaccate, margins connivent, apex truncate, oblique, with recurved, papillose teeth, papillose, internal appendage absent; style apex slightly depressed, pale green. |
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Seeds | oval to ovate, 6–7 × 4–6 mm, margin winged, faces papillate-tomentulose with dendritic scales; coma 2–2.5 cm. |
ovate, 8–9 × 6–7 mm, margin very narrowly winged, faces rugulose; coma 2–2.5 cm. |
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Follicles | erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, 5–7 × 1.2–1.8 cm, apex acuminate, shallowly ribbed, conspicuously striate, tomentulose. |
sometimes paired, erect on upcurved pedicels, ovoid, 4.5–6 × 1.5–1.8 cm, apex apiculate, smooth, sometimes obscurely ribbed, glabrous, glaucous. |
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Asclepias brachystephana |
Asclepias cryptoceras |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep(–Oct); fruiting (May–)Jun–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Plains, bajadas, pastures, arroyos, stream banks, riparian areas, limestone, igneous substrates, alluvium, gravel, clay, silty, and sandy soils, desert grasslands, desert scrub, oak-juniper, juniper, and mesquite woodlands. | |||||
Elevation | 900–1900 m. (3000–6200 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora, Zacatecas)
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w United States
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Discussion | Asclepias brachystephana is a blue-gray, bushy herb with ascending foliage, few-flowered umbels of small, red and white flowers, and conspicuously striped follicles. It is unlike any other milkweed. Nonetheless, herbarium specimens are commonly confused with those of A. asperula because the herbage of A. brachystephana turns green on drying, and the leaves of A. asperula subsp. asperula are often of similar size and shape. However, leaf arrangement in A. asperula is alternate rather than opposite. The flowers of A. brachystephana are remarkably similar to, and convergent with, those of A. cutleri, A. eastwoodiana, A. ruthiae, A. sanjuanensis, and A. uncialis (M. Fishbein et al. 2011). In Arizona, A. brachystephana is restricted to the portion of the southeastern corner of the state with Chihuahuan floristic affinities, in Cochise, Graham, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in flora). Asclepias cryptoceras is one of the most striking milkweeds, with oversized flowers for its small stature. It is widely distributed in the western United States, but it is common nowhere, and occurrences are sporadic. The populations of this species fall into two morphologically discrete entities—those in Arizona, Colorado, southeastern Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming, and those in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Plants with intermediate flowers (corona shape and size) are found in eastern California and much of Nevada. The intermediate populations were shown by K. Weitemier (2016) to be genetically similar to subsp. davisii and are treated as such here. Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) have been observed to be avid visitors to the flowers of A. cryptoceras. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. | ||||
Parent taxa | Apocynaceae > Asclepias | Apocynaceae > Asclepias | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Engelmann ex Torrey in W. H. Emory: Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 163. (1859) | S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 283, plate 28, figs. 1–4. (1871) | ||||
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