Asclepias arenaria
Asclepias latifolia
sand milkweed
broad-leaf milkweed, corn-kernel milkweed
1–8, spreading or decumbent to erect, unbranched or rarely branched near base, 20–100 cm, tomentose, not glaucous, rhizomatous.
1–10, erect, unbranched, 25–100 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes or thinly tomentose to glabrate, sometimes glaucous, rhizomatous.
opposite, petiolate, with 1 or 2 stipular colleters on each side of petiole plus 0–4 in axil;
petiole 7–17 mm, tomentose;
blade oblong or obovate to ovate or oval, 4.2–11.5 × 2.5–7.5 cm, subcoriaceous, base rounded or truncate to subcordate, margins often undulate or crisped, apex truncate to rounded (rarely acute), sometimes emarginate, often mucronate, venation brochidodromous, surfaces tomentose to nearly glabrate, margins ciliate, 12–24 laminar colleters.
opposite, sessile or petiolate, with 1–4 stipular colleters on each side of petiole, sometimes also in axil;
petiole 0–4 mm, thinly tomentose to glabrate;
blade oval or oblong to ovate or orbiculate, 5.5–14 × 3–14 cm, subsucculent to coriaceous, base cordate, sometimes clasping, margins entire, apex truncate to rounded, sometimes emarginate, mucronate, venation brochidodromous, surfaces thinly tomentose to glabrate, sometimes glaucous, margins minutely ciliate to glabrous, 24–80 laminar colleters.
extra-axillary (sometimes appearing terminal), sessile or pedunculate, 14–51-flowered;
peduncle 0–2 cm, tomentose, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.
extra-axillary, sessile or pedunculate, 20–59-flowered;
peduncle 0–2.5 cm, puberulent with curved trichomes to pilosulous, with 1 caducous bract at the base of each pedicel.
15–25 mm, densely tomentose.
15–35 mm, densely tomentose to glabrate.
erect to pendent;
calyx lobes lanceolate, 2.5–3 mm, apex acute, densely tomentose;
corolla green to yellowish green, sometimes tinged reddish or purplish, lobes reflexed with spreading tips, oval, 7–8 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, minutely papillose at base adaxially;
gynostegial column 1–2 mm;
fused anthers green, obconic, 2–2.5 mm, wings right-triangular, closed, apical appendages ovate;
corona segments cream to greenish cream or ochroleucous, subsessile, conduplicate, flaring at base, 3.5–4 mm, exceeding style apex, apex truncate to rounded, emarginate, minutely papillate, proximal margin toothed, internal appendage falcate, exserted, sharply incurved over style apex, apex upturned, minutely papillose.
erect to pendent;
calyx lobes lanceolate, 4–5 mm, apex acute, tomentose to glabrate;
corolla green, lobes reflexed, elliptic to oval, 7–9 mm, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, papillose at base adaxially;
gynostegial column 1–1.5 mm;
fused anthers green, cylindric, 3–3.5 mm, wings right-triangular, closed, apical appendages ovate;
corona segments cream, sometimes dorsally yellow, aging yellow, stipitate, conduplicate, dorsally rounded, 3–5.5 mm, equaling to slightly exceeding style apex, apex truncate, oblique, papillose, internal appendage falcate, exserted, sharply inflexed over style apex, papillose;
style apex shallowly depressed, green.
oval, 9–12 × 6–8 mm, margin winged, faces minutely rugulose;
coma 2–3 cm.
ovate, 7–8 × 5–6 mm, winged, faces minutely rugulose to smooth;
coma 3–4 cm.
erect on upcurved pedicels, lance-ovoid, 5.5–10 × 2–2.8 cm, apex acuminate, smooth, pilosulous.
erect on upcurved pedicels, ovoid, 6.5–9.5 × 2–3 cm, apex obtuse to apiculate, smooth, minutely pilosulous to thinly tomentulose.
= 22.
Asclepias arenaria
Asclepias latifolia
Asclepias arenaria is the milkweed most consistently associated with pure sand soils in the western Great Plains. It is predictably found at the bases of stabilized and semi-stabilized dunes. Flowers of this species are visited by a variety of Hymenoptera, notably several species of large wasps, including tarantula hawk wasps (Pepsinae, Pompilidae) and scoliid wasps (Scoliidae), as well as by Lepidoptera. Non-flowering shoots of A. arenaria may produce linear leaves; they are easily overlooked and not identified as belonging to this species unless one is aware of this variation, especially when they are produced on rhizomes distant from shoots with typical foliage. This trait is found in several other broad-leaved milkweeds (for example, A. erosa, A. welshii). Asclepias arenaria is rare and considered to be of conservation concern in Wyoming, where it has been recorded from only two sites in Goshen County.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Asclepias latifolia is a distinctive species of the western Great Plains and Colorado Plateau, rising above short grasses and appearing as squat, leafy pagodas. It is most likely to be confused with A. arenaria (which is restricted to sandy substrates) due to the overlapping leaf shapes and floral colors of these species. Asclepias latifolia favors clayey, often rocky soils, but can be found also on sandy soils, especially on the Colorado Plateau, outside the range of A. arenaria. These species can be distinguished by habit (erect in A. latifolia versus erect to decumbent in A. arenaria), vestiture (more uniformly and persistently hairy in A. arenaria), petioles (absent or nearly so in A. latifolia versus present in A. arenaria), and the flower and seed characters included in the key. Asclepias speciosa in the absence of reproductive structures is also commonly confused with A. latifolia, but the leaves of A. speciosa are distinctly petiolate, persistently hairy, and typically taper to the apex. There is an apparent gap in the distribution of A. latifolia on the eastern Colorado Plateau, in northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado, but the disjunct portions of the range are not accompanied by phenotypic divergence. Asclepias latifolia is limited in Nebraska to southwestern counties (Deuel, Dundy, Franklin, and Hayes), but it is apparently not uncommon there. Likewise, it is common in its limited range in Utah (Garfield, Grand, Kane, San Juan, and Wayne counties).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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