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big sagebrush, snowfield sagebrush, spike sagebrush

gray sagewort, prairie sage, silver sage, silver wormwood, western mugwort, western wormwood, white sage, white sagebrush, white wormwood

Habit Shrubs, 30–80 cm (widely branched, gray-tomentose), aromatic; root-sprouting. Perennials, 20–80 (rarely to 120 in desert washes) cm, aromatic (rhizomatous).
Stems

relatively numerous, brown or grayish green.

relatively few to relatively numerous, erect, gray-green, simple or widely branched, hairy.

Leaves

± deciduous (by late summer, turning yellow);

blades lanceolate, oblanceolate, or cuneate, 2.5–5.5 × 0.8–1.2+ cm, entire or irregularly 3–6-lobed (lobes to 1/3 blade lengths, 1.5+ mm wide, rounded or acute; leaves of flowering stems usually smaller, entire), faces ± sericeous or tomentose.

cauline, uniformly gray-green, green, or white, or bicolor (white and green);

blades linear to broadly elliptic, 1.5–11 × 0.5–4 cm, entire or lobed to relatively deeply pinnatifid, faces hairy.

Involucres

ovoid or lanceoloid, (2.5–)4–6(–7) mm.

campanulate or turbinate, (1–)2–4(–5) × 2–5(–8) mm.

Florets

8–18(–27);

corollas 2.5–3.5, glabrous.

pistillate 5–12;

bisexual 6–45;

corollas yellow, sometimes red-tinged, 1.5–2.8 mm, glabrous.

Phyllaries

lanceolate, sparsely to densely hairy.

(gray-green), lanceolate to ovate or obovate (margins narrowly hyaline), densely tomentose.

Heads

(erect) in (leafy) paniculiform arrays 8–15(–25) × 0.5–3(–4) cm.

(erect to nodding, peduncles 0 or 2–5 mm) in congested to open (widely branched) arrays.

Cypselae

1–1.5 mm, glabrous or resinous.

ellipsoid ca. 0.5 mm, (obscurely nerved) glabrous.

2n

= 18, 36, 54, 72.

= 18, 36, 54.

Artemisia spiciformis

Artemisia ludoviciana

Phenology Flowering mid summer–fall.
Habitat Moist open slopes, rocky meadows, streamsides, woodlands, late-lying snowfields
Elevation 2100–3700 m (6900–12100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CO; ID; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; ON; PE; QC; SK; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Often confused with Artemisia rothrockii, A. spiciformis has been recognized only recently as a widespread, high-elevation sagebrush of late-lying snowfields. Molecular analysis has not yet determined the degree to which this species intergrades with A. cana subsp. viscidula and A. tridentata subsp. vaseyana, the presumed parents of this putative hybrid. Because snow-field sagebrush produces fertile seeds and forms a stable community type, it is treated here as a distinct species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies ca. 7 (6 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves usually relatively deeply lobed (1/3+ widths, nearly to midrib, proximal leaves sometimes entire); involucres 3–8 mm diam.; mountain meadows and slopes
→ 2
1. Leaves entire or relatively shallowly lobed (lobes to 1/3 widths); involucres 2–3(–4) mm diam.; desert valleys and mountains
→ 3
2. Involucres 4–5 × 4–8 mm
subsp. candicans
2. Involucres 3–4 × 3–5 mm
subsp. incompta
3. Heads in paniculiform arrays (4–)8–30 cm diam.; leaves mostly 1.5–2 cm
subsp. albula
3. Heads in paniculiform or racemiform arrays 1–6 cm diam.; leaves 1.5–11 cm
→ 4
4. Leaf margins plane
subsp. ludoviciana
4. Leaf margins revolute
→ 5
5. Leaves bicolor (gray-green and bright green), margins mostly entire, abaxial faces glabrous
subsp. redolens
5. Leaves gray-green, margins usually lobed, abaxial faces hairy
subsp. mexicana
Source FNA vol. 19, p. 515. FNA vol. 19, p. 527.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Anthemideae > Artemisia > subg. Tridentatae Asteraceae > tribe Anthemideae > Artemisia > subg. Artemisia
Sibling taxa
A. abrotanum, A. absinthium, A. alaskana, A. aleutica, A. annua, A. arbuscula, A. biennis, A. bigelovii, A. borealis, A. californica, A. campestris, A. cana, A. carruthii, A. douglasiana, A. dracunculus, A. filifolia, A. franserioides, A. frigida, A. furcata, A. globularia, A. glomerata, A. laciniata, A. longifolia, A. ludoviciana, A. michauxiana, A. nesiotica, A. norvegica, A. nova, A. packardiae, A. palmeri, A. papposa, A. pattersonii, A. pedatifida, A. pontica, A. porteri, A. pycnocephala, A. pygmaea, A. rigida, A. rothrockii, A. rupestris, A. scopulorum, A. senjavinensis, A. serrata, A. stelleriana, A. suksdorfii, A. tilesii, A. tridentata, A. tripartita, A. vulgaris
A. abrotanum, A. absinthium, A. alaskana, A. aleutica, A. annua, A. arbuscula, A. biennis, A. bigelovii, A. borealis, A. californica, A. campestris, A. cana, A. carruthii, A. douglasiana, A. dracunculus, A. filifolia, A. franserioides, A. frigida, A. furcata, A. globularia, A. glomerata, A. laciniata, A. longifolia, A. michauxiana, A. nesiotica, A. norvegica, A. nova, A. packardiae, A. palmeri, A. papposa, A. pattersonii, A. pedatifida, A. pontica, A. porteri, A. pycnocephala, A. pygmaea, A. rigida, A. rothrockii, A. rupestris, A. scopulorum, A. senjavinensis, A. serrata, A. spiciformis, A. stelleriana, A. suksdorfii, A. tilesii, A. tridentata, A. tripartita, A. vulgaris
Subordinate taxa
A. ludoviciana subsp. albula, A. ludoviciana subsp. candicans, A. ludoviciana subsp. incompta, A. ludoviciana subsp. ludoviciana, A. ludoviciana subsp. mexicana, A. ludoviciana subsp. redolens
Synonyms A. tridentata subsp. spiciformis, Seriphidium spiciforme A. vulgaris var. ludoviciana
Name authority Osterhout: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 507. (1900) Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 143. (1818)
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