Artemisia dracunculus |
Artemisia annua |
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dragon herb, dragon sagewort, dragon wormwood, tarragon, wild tarragon |
annual wormwood, armoise annuelle, sweet annie, sweet sagewort |
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Habit | Perennials or subshrubs, 50–120(–150) cm, strongly tarragon-scented or not aromatic; rhizomatous, caudices coarse. | Annuals, 30–200(–300) cm, sweetly aromatic. |
Stems | relatively numerous, erect, green to brown or reddish brown, somewhat woody, glabrous. |
mostly 1, erect, green, turning to reddish brown with age, simple (smooth or ribbed), glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
Leaves | proximal blades bright green and glabrous or gray-green and sparsely hairy, 5–8 cm; cauline blades bright green (gray-green in desert forms), linear, lanceolate, or oblong, 1–7 × 0.1–0.5(–0.9) cm, mostly entire, sometimes irregularly lobed, acute, usually glabrous, sometimes glabrescent (deserts). |
cauline, bright green; blades triangular to broadly ovate, 2–5(–10) × 2–4 cm, 2–3-pinnatifid (lobes relatively narrow, ± toothed), faces glabrous, gland-dotted. |
Involucres | globose, 2–3 × 2–3.5(–6) mm. |
globose, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Florets | pistillate 6–25; functionally staminate 8–20; corollas pale yellow, 1.8–2 mm, eglandular or sparsely glandular. |
pistillate (0–)10–20; bisexual 18–24; corollas pale yellow (broadly campanulate), 0.5–1 mm, glabrous. |
Phyllaries | (light brown, broadly lanceolate, membranous): margins broadly hyaline, glabrous. |
(green) lanceolate, glabrous. |
Heads | in terminal or lateral, leafy, paniculiform arrays 15–45 × 6–30 cm; appearing ball-like on slender, sometimes nodding peduncles. |
(nodding, peduncles 2–5 mm) in open, (diffusely branched, leafy) arrays 15–30(–40) × 10–20 cm. |
Cypselae | oblong, 0.5–0.8 mm, faintly nerved, glabrous. |
oblong (flattened), 0.3–0.8 mm, glabrous. |
2n | = 18. |
= 18. |
Artemisia dracunculus |
Artemisia annua |
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Phenology | Flowering mid summer–late fall. | Flowering late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Open meadows and fields, desert scrub, moist drainages, roadsides | Moist waste areas, sandy soils |
Elevation | 500–3000 m (1600–9800 ft) | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; YT; Eurasia
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; NB; ON; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Artemisia dracunculus is widely cultivated as a culinary herb and may be introduced in parts of its range. It is easily cultivated from rootstocks, and while establishment from seeds is rare, seedlings can be found with amenable environmental conditions. Because of its popularity as an herb, it may suffer from overcollecting. Its scarcity in Missouri, Iowa, and Illinois (J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham 1999) may have been caused by overly enthusiastic collecting as well as habitat loss. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Widely cultivated for aromatic oils, Artemisia annua often persists in gardens, becoming naturalized in moist-temperate areas (especially in eastern United States). Reports of naturalization may be exaggerated (reported for Prince Edward Island, but not established). The systematic placement of this species appears to align most closely with species of the Eurasian subg. Seriphidium (L. E. Watson et al. 2002). Molecular evidence suggests that the Artemisia annua lineage may be ancestral to woody species in the Old World. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 508. | FNA vol. 19, p. 523. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Anthemideae > Artemisia > subg. Drancunculus | Asteraceae > tribe Anthemideae > Artemisia > subg. Artemisia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. aromatica, A. dracunculina, A. dracunculoides, A. dracunculoides subsp. dracunculina, A. glauca, A. glauca var. megacephala | A. chamomilla |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 849. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 847. (1753) |
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