Artemisia absinthium |
Artemisia biennis |
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absinth wormwood, absinthe, absinthe wormwood, absinthium, armoise absinthe, common wormwood, green ginger, oldman, oldman wormwood, wormwood |
armoise bisannuelle, biennial sagewort, biennial wormwood |
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Habit | Perennials, 40–60(–100) cm (mat-forming), aromatic. | Annuals or biennials, (10–)30–80(–150) cm, not aromatic. |
Stems | gray-green (sometimes woody proximally), densely canescent to glabrescent (hairs appressed). |
1, erect, often reddish, simple (finely striate), glabrous. |
Leaves | deciduous, gray-green; blades broadly ovate, 3–8 × 1–4 cm, mostly pinnately lobed (basal 2–3-pinnatifid, lobes obovate), faces densely canescent. |
cauline, green or yellow-green (sessile); blades broadly lanceolate to ovate, 4–10(–13) × 1.5–4 cm, 1–2-pinnately lobed (ultimate lobes coarsely toothed), faces glabrous. |
Involucres | broadly ovoid, 2–3 × 3–5 mm. |
globose, 2–4 × (1.5–)2–4 mm. |
Florets | pistillate 9–20; bisexual 30–50; corollas 1–2 mm, glandular. |
pistillate 6–25; bisexual 15–40; corollas pale yellow, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. |
Phyllaries | gray-green, densely sericeous. |
(green) broadly elliptic to obovate, glabrous. |
Heads | (nodding) in open (diffusely branched), paniculiform arrays 10–20(–35) × (2–)10–13(–15) cm. |
(erect, subsessile) in (leafy) paniculiform to spiciform arrays 12–35(–40) × 2–4 cm (lateral branches relatively short). |
Cypselae | (± cylindric, slightly curved, obscurely nerved), ± 0.5 mm, glabrous (shiny). |
ellipsoid (4–5-nerved), 0.2–0.9 mm, glabrous. |
2n | = 18. |
= 18. |
Artemisia absinthium |
Artemisia biennis |
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Phenology | Flowering mid summer–fall. | Flowering mid summer–late fall. |
Habitat | Widely cultivated, persisting from plantings, disturbed areas | Disturbed habitats, margins of vernal pools, desert flats, usually clay or silty soils |
Elevation | 0–1000 m [0–3300 ft] | 600–2000 m [2000–6600 ft] |
Distribution |
CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT [Introduced in Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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Discussion | Artemisia absinthium provides the flavoring as well as the psychoactive ingredient for absinthe liquor, a beverage that is illegal in some markets. Known as a powerful neurotoxin, absinthe in large quantities is addictive as well as deadly. The species is popular in the horticultural trade. Prized by gardeners for its gracefully scalloped leaves and gray-green foliage, it creates an attractive and winter-hardy flower border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Artemisia biennis is naturalized and weedy in the eastern portion of its range. It is morphologically similar to A. annua, differing primarily in the coarser leaf lobes and larger heads that are sessile in axils of leaflike bracts. Artemisia biennis is considered native to the northwest United States; it may be introduced in other parts of its range. The type specimen is a horticultural specimen from New Zealand. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 519. | FNA vol. 19, p. 523. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. biennis var. diffusa | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 848. (1753) | Willdenow: Phytographia, 11. (1794) |
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