Artemisia absinthium |
Artemisia arbuscula |
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absinth wormwood, absinthe, absinthe wormwood, absinthium, armoise absinthe, common wormwood, green ginger, oldman, oldman wormwood, wormwood |
black sagebrush, dwarf sagebrush, little sagebrush, low sagebrush |
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Habit | Perennials, 40–60(–100) cm (mat-forming), aromatic. | Shrubs, 10–30(–50) cm, aromatic; root-sprouting. | ||||||||
Stems | gray-green (sometimes woody proximally), densely canescent to glabrescent (hairs appressed). |
gray-green to brown, glabrate (diffusely branched from bases, brittle). |
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Leaves | deciduous, gray-green; blades broadly ovate, 3–8 × 1–4 cm, mostly pinnately lobed (basal 2–3-pinnatifid, lobes obovate), faces densely canescent. |
(vegetative stems) persistent, gray-green; blades broadly to narrowly cuneate, 3–10 × 2–5 mm, lobed (lobes 3, oblong-linear, to 1/3 blade lengths, mostly 1–3 mm wide, flat, obtuse, laterals sometimes 2–3-fid; leaves on flowering stems deciduous, blades narrowly cuneate, deeply 3-lobed), faces densely hairy (not sticky resinous). |
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Involucres | broadly ovoid, 2–3 × 3–5 mm. |
campanulate or globose-ovoid, (1.5–)2–4(–5) × 1.5–4.5 mm. |
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Florets | pistillate 9–20; bisexual 30–50; corollas 1–2 mm, glandular. |
4–6(–10); corollas 1.5–2 mm, glabrous. |
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Phyllaries | gray-green, densely sericeous. |
(margins green) ovate (outer) to oblong, pubescent or tomentose. |
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Heads | (nodding) in open (diffusely branched), paniculiform arrays 10–20(–35) × (2–)10–13(–15) cm. |
usually borne singly, rarely (1–4, erect, mostly sessile, in pedunculate clusters) in spiciform or paniculiform arrays 2–9 × 0.5–2 cm (branches slender). |
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Cypselae | (± cylindric, slightly curved, obscurely nerved), ± 0.5 mm, glabrous (shiny). |
(light brown) 0.7–0.8 mm, resinous. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Artemisia absinthium |
Artemisia arbuscula |
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Phenology | Flowering mid summer–fall. | |||||||||
Habitat | Widely cultivated, persisting from plantings, disturbed areas | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m [0–3300 ft] | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
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Discussion | Artemisia absinthium provides the flavoring as well as the psychoactive ingredient for absinthe liquor, a beverage that is illegal in some markets. Known as a powerful neurotoxin, absinthe in large quantities is addictive as well as deadly. The species is popular in the horticultural trade. Prized by gardeners for its gracefully scalloped leaves and gray-green foliage, it creates an attractive and winter-hardy flower border. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). Artemisia arbuscula is one of the more perplexing species in the Tridentatae complex. Anatomic and morphologic characteristics suggest multiple hybrid origins for the subspecies. Deciduous leaves of flowering stems in plants that otherwise have persistent leaves suggest a hybrid origin involving plants of the A. tridentata and A. cana lineages. In most instances, populations of A. arbuscula appear to be reproductively stable. The disposition of Artemisia arbuscula subsp. longicaulis Winward & McArthur (with 2n = 54) has not been determined. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 519. | FNA vol. 19, p. 511. | ||||||||
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Synonyms | A. tridentata subsp. arbuscula, A. tridentata var. arbuscula, Seriphidium arbusculum | |||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 848. (1753) | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 398. (1841) | ||||||||
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