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desert silverbush

tall silverbush

Habit Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, monoecious, to 10 dm. Herbs, perennial, monoecious or dioecious, to 8 dm.
Stems

erect, hairy, hairs simple and malpighiaceous.

usually erect, rarely prostrate in var. pilosissima, hairy, hairs malpighiaceous.

Leaves

stipules persistent, elliptic, lanceolate, or subulate, sometimes divided in 2 unequal segments, 1.7–2.5 mm, margins with conic glands;

petiole 2–6 mm;

blade elliptic, 0.8–1.9 × 0.4–1.2 cm, margins serrate, with conic glands, surfaces hairy, hairs simple and malpighiaceous.

stipules deciduous, subulate to ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm, margins not glandular;

petiole usually absent, rarely to 4 mm on proximal leaves;

blade lanceolate, elliptic, ovate to obovate, 1.5–7.5 × 0.6–3.5 cm, margins entire or serrulate, without glands, surfaces hairy, hairs malpighiaceous.

Inflorescences

bisexual, to 0.5 cm;

bracts ovate, 2–3 mm, margins with conic glands.

bisexual or unisexual, to 12 cm;

bracts ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–2.5 mm, margins without glands.

Flowers

without pink dye when wetted.

without pink dye when wetted.

Staminate flowers

sepals lanceolate, 2.5–3.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm;

petals elliptic, 3–4 × 0.8–1.2 mm, adnate to androphore;

nectary glands narrowly elliptic, oblong, or ovate, 0.3–0.7 × 0.2–0.3 mm, free from androphore, glabrous;

stamens 10, staminodes 3–5, glabrous.

sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 2.3–3 × 0.7–0.8 mm;

petals elliptic to spatulate, 2–2.5 × 0.8–1 mm, free from androphore;

nectary glands linear to obovate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm, free from androphore, glabrous or pubescent;

stamens 8, staminodes 0.

Pistillate flowers

sepals lanceolate to ovate, 2.5–4.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm, margins with conic glands;

petals 5, elliptic, 2–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins with glandular teeth;

petals elliptic, 2–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm;

nectary glands ovate to linear, 0.3–0.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm, glabrous;

ovary hispidulous;

styles 1–2 mm, glabrous;

stigmas flattened.

sepals elliptic, 1–7 × 0.3–3 cm, without glands;

petals 0 or 5, elliptic, linear, or punctiform, less than 0.5 mm;

nectary glands linear, 0.7 × 1.5 mm, glabrous or pubescent;

ovary strigose;

styles 0.8–1.5 mm, pubescent;

stigmas flattened.

Capsules

3–4.5 mm, hispidulous.

6–14 mm, hispidulous to strigose.

Seeds

2.5–3 mm, with shallow depressions, lightly striate.

3.2–4.5 mm, smooth to slightly papillate.

Argythamnia claryana

Argythamnia mercurialina

Phenology Flowering Feb–Apr and Oct–Nov.
Habitat Desert scrub, rocky soils, basaltic hills.
Elevation 60–900 m. (200–3000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CO; KS; NM; OK; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Argythamnia claryana is known with certainty only from very arid regions of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona but also is expected in Baja California. I. L. Wiggins (1980) reported A. adenophora from northeastern Baja California, but considering that these two species are very similar and that Wiggins (in F. Shreve and Wiggins 1964) previously treated A. claryana as a synonym of A. adenophora, it is quite possible that this report actually refers to A. claryana. Unfortunately, voucher specimens that confirm the occurrence of either of these species in Baja California have not been found. Reports from Nevada appear to be based on misidentified specimens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 176. FNA vol. 12, p. 178.
Parent taxa Euphorbiaceae > Argythamnia Euphorbiaceae > Argythamnia
Sibling taxa
A. adenophora, A. aphoroides, A. argothamnoides, A. argyraea, A. brandegeei, A. cyanophylla, A. humilis, A. lanceolata, A. mercurialina, A. serrata, A. simulans
A. adenophora, A. aphoroides, A. argothamnoides, A. argyraea, A. brandegeei, A. claryana, A. cyanophylla, A. humilis, A. lanceolata, A. serrata, A. simulans
Subordinate taxa
N. glands of staminate and pistillate flowers glabrous10a. Argythamnia mercurialina var. mercurialina, N. glands of staminate and pistillate flowers hairy10b. Argythamnia mercurialina var. pilosissima
Synonyms Ditaxis claryana Aphora mercurialina, Ditaxis mercurialina
Name authority Jepson: Fl. Calif. 2: 419. (1936) — (as clariana) (Nuttall) Müller Arg.: Linnaea 34: 148. (1865) — (as Argyrothamnia)
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