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Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly-poppy, yellow pricklypoppy

Southwestern prickly poppy

Habit Plants annual. Plants annual or perennial.
Stems

often branching from base, 2.5-8 dm, unarmed or sparingly prickly.

branched, 5-12 dm, sparingly to closely prickly.

Leaf

blades: surfaces unarmed or sparingly prickly on veins;

proximal lobed 1/2 or more distance to midrib;

distal more shallowly lobed, mostly clasping.

blades: abaxial surface sparingly prickly on veins, adaxial surface unarmed or sparingly prickly on veins, apices of lobes angular, marginal teeth prominent;

proximal lobed ca. 3/4 distance to midrib;

distal sometimes clasping.

Inflorescences

buds subglobose, body 10-15 × 9-13 mm, unarmed or sparingly prickly;

sepal horns terete, 5-10 mm, unarmed.

buds oblong-obovoid or subglobose, body 14-20 × 11-18 mm, prickly, prickles simple or branched;

sepal horns terete or adaxially flattened, 4-12 mm.

Flowers

4-7 cm broad, subtended by 1-2 foliaceous bracts;

petals bright yellow or rarely pale lemon yellow;

stamens 30-50;

filaments yellow;

pistil 4-6-carpellate.

8-12(-16) cm broad;

petals white;

stamens ca. 150;

filaments pale yellow to red;

pistil 3-4-carpellate.

Capsules

oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 25-45 × 12-20 mm (including stigma and excluding prickles when present), unarmed or prickly, longest prickles 6-10 mm.

ovoid to ellipsoid-lanceoloid, 25-45 × 10-16 mm (including stigma and excluding prickles), closely to sparingly prickly, longest prickles 4-6(-8) mm.

Seeds

1.6-2 mm.

2-2.5 mm.

2n

= 28.

Argemone mexicana

Argemone pleiacantha

Phenology Flowering and fruiting spring–fall, or throughout year in tropics.
Habitat Waste places, often a weed of roadsides, dooryards, fallow fields
Elevation 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NY; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; ON; Mexico; Central America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; Western North America (United States and Mexico)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Argemone mexicana is probably native to southern Florida as well as the Caribbean islands and has been introduced along the coast of the United States from New England to Texas and, more infrequently, inland. Although it has been reported from Mississippi, no specimens are known. It is widespread in temperate and tropical regions around the world by introduction.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Capsules closely prickly; bud prickles often branched.
subsp. pleiacantha
1. Capsules sparingly prickly; bud prickles simple.
→ 2
2. Blades of proximal leaves lobed 4/5 distance to midrib, distal not clasping.
subsp. pinnatisecta
2. Blades of proximal leaves lobed 1/2–2/3 distance to midrib, distal often clasping.
subsp. ambigua
Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Papaveraceae > Argemone Papaveraceae > Argemone
Sibling taxa
A. aenea, A. albiflora, A. arizonica, A. aurantiaca, A. chisosensis, A. corymbosa, A. gracilenta, A. hispida, A. munita, A. ochroleuca, A. pleiacantha, A. polyanthemos, A. sanguinea, A. squarrosa
A. aenea, A. albiflora, A. arizonica, A. aurantiaca, A. chisosensis, A. corymbosa, A. gracilenta, A. hispida, A. mexicana, A. munita, A. ochroleuca, A. polyanthemos, A. sanguinea, A. squarrosa
Subordinate taxa
A. pleiacantha subsp. ambigua, A. pleiacantha subsp. pinnatisecta, A. pleiacantha subsp. pleiacantha
Synonyms A. leiocarpa
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 508. (1753) Greene: Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 161. (1908)
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