Argemone mexicana |
Argemone munita |
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Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly-poppy, yellow pricklypoppy |
chicalote, flatbud prickly poppy, prickly poppy |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants annual or perennial. | ||||||||||||
Stems | often branching from base, 2.5-8 dm, unarmed or sparingly prickly. |
4-16 dm, densely to sparingly prickly. |
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Leaf | blades: surfaces unarmed or sparingly prickly on veins; proximal lobed 1/2 or more distance to midrib; distal more shallowly lobed, mostly clasping. |
blades: surfaces copiously prickly on veins and intervein surfaces to sparingly prickly on main veins only; basal lobed ca. 1/2 distance to midrib, lobe apices usually distinctly rounded, marginal teeth usually less than 1 mm; distal usually definitely clasping. |
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Inflorescences | buds subglobose, body 10-15 × 9-13 mm, unarmed or sparingly prickly; sepal horns terete, 5-10 mm, unarmed. |
buds oblong to ellipsoid to obovoid, body 12-22 × 10-16 mm, prickly; sepal horns terete, flattened or angular in cross section, (4-)6-8(-10) mm, unarmed to densely prickly. |
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Flowers | 4-7 cm broad, subtended by 1-2 foliaceous bracts; petals bright yellow or rarely pale lemon yellow; stamens 30-50; filaments yellow; pistil 4-6-carpellate. |
5-10(-13) cm broad, not closely subtended by foliaceous bracts; petals white; stamens 150-250; filaments pale yellow; pistil 3-5-carpellate. |
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Capsules | oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 25-45 × 12-20 mm (including stigma and excluding prickles when present), unarmed or prickly, longest prickles 6-10 mm. |
ovoid, ellipsoid, or lanceoloid, 35-55 × 9-15(-18) mm (including stigma and excluding prickles), prickly, longest prickles to 10 mm, widely spaced, or shorter, more numerous, and interspersed with still shorter prickles, surface then partially obscured. |
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Seeds | 1.6-2 mm. |
1.8-2.6 mm. |
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2n | = 28. |
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Argemone mexicana |
Argemone munita |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–fall, or throughout year in tropics. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Waste places, often a weed of roadsides, dooryards, fallow fields | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NY; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; ON; Mexico; Central America; West Indies
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AZ; CA; ID; NV; OR; UT
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Discussion | Argemone mexicana is probably native to southern Florida as well as the Caribbean islands and has been introduced along the coast of the United States from New England to Texas and, more infrequently, inland. Although it has been reported from Mississippi, no specimens are known. It is widespread in temperate and tropical regions around the world by introduction. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora). The Kawaiisu used Argemone munita medicinally to treat burns (D. E. Moerman 1986, no varieties specified). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Papaveraceae > Argemone | Papaveraceae > Argemone | ||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | A. leiocarpa | |||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 508. (1753) | Durand & Hilgard: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, 3: 37. (1854) | ||||||||||||
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