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Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly-poppy, yellow pricklypoppy

chicalote, flatbud prickly poppy, prickly poppy

Habit Plants annual. Plants annual or perennial.
Stems

often branching from base, 2.5-8 dm, unarmed or sparingly prickly.

4-16 dm, densely to sparingly prickly.

Leaf

blades: surfaces unarmed or sparingly prickly on veins;

proximal lobed 1/2 or more distance to midrib;

distal more shallowly lobed, mostly clasping.

blades: surfaces copiously prickly on veins and intervein surfaces to sparingly prickly on main veins only;

basal lobed ca. 1/2 distance to midrib, lobe apices usually distinctly rounded, marginal teeth usually less than 1 mm;

distal usually definitely clasping.

Inflorescences

buds subglobose, body 10-15 × 9-13 mm, unarmed or sparingly prickly;

sepal horns terete, 5-10 mm, unarmed.

buds oblong to ellipsoid to obovoid, body 12-22 × 10-16 mm, prickly;

sepal horns terete, flattened or angular in cross section, (4-)6-8(-10) mm, unarmed to densely prickly.

Flowers

4-7 cm broad, subtended by 1-2 foliaceous bracts;

petals bright yellow or rarely pale lemon yellow;

stamens 30-50;

filaments yellow;

pistil 4-6-carpellate.

5-10(-13) cm broad, not closely subtended by foliaceous bracts;

petals white;

stamens 150-250;

filaments pale yellow;

pistil 3-5-carpellate.

Capsules

oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 25-45 × 12-20 mm (including stigma and excluding prickles when present), unarmed or prickly, longest prickles 6-10 mm.

ovoid, ellipsoid, or lanceoloid, 35-55 × 9-15(-18) mm (including stigma and excluding prickles), prickly, longest prickles to 10 mm, widely spaced, or shorter, more numerous, and interspersed with still shorter prickles, surface then partially obscured.

Seeds

1.6-2 mm.

1.8-2.6 mm.

2n

= 28.

Argemone mexicana

Argemone munita

Phenology Flowering and fruiting spring–fall, or throughout year in tropics.
Habitat Waste places, often a weed of roadsides, dooryards, fallow fields
Elevation 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NY; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; ON; Mexico; Central America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; NV; OR; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Argemone mexicana is probably native to southern Florida as well as the Caribbean islands and has been introduced along the coast of the United States from New England to Texas and, more infrequently, inland. Although it has been reported from Mississippi, no specimens are known. It is widespread in temperate and tropical regions around the world by introduction.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora).

The Kawaiisu used Argemone munita medicinally to treat burns (D. E. Moerman 1986, no varieties specified).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Prickles 0–30 per cm² on main stem below capsule; leaf surfaces unarmed or sparingly prickly on veins and intervein areas.
→ 2
1. Prickles 100–500 per cm² on main stem below capsule; leaf surfaces mostly closely prickly on veins and intervein areas.
→ 3
2. Prickles 0–10 per cm²; abaxial leaf surface sparingly prickly on main veins, adaxial surface usually unarmed.
subsp. robusta
2. Prickles 10–30 per cm²; both leaf surfaces sparingly to moderately prickly on veins and often on intervein areas.
subsp. munita
3. Longest prickles of stem 4–6 mm; stems usually purplish; bud prickles sometimes branched.
subsp. rotundata
3. Longest prickles of stem 7–10 mm; stems greenish white; bud prickles simple.
subsp. argentea
Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Papaveraceae > Argemone Papaveraceae > Argemone
Sibling taxa
A. aenea, A. albiflora, A. arizonica, A. aurantiaca, A. chisosensis, A. corymbosa, A. gracilenta, A. hispida, A. munita, A. ochroleuca, A. pleiacantha, A. polyanthemos, A. sanguinea, A. squarrosa
A. aenea, A. albiflora, A. arizonica, A. aurantiaca, A. chisosensis, A. corymbosa, A. gracilenta, A. hispida, A. mexicana, A. ochroleuca, A. pleiacantha, A. polyanthemos, A. sanguinea, A. squarrosa
Subordinate taxa
A. munita subsp. argentea, A. munita subsp. munita, A. munita subsp. robusta, A. munita subsp. rotundata
Synonyms A. leiocarpa
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 508. (1753) Durand & Hilgard: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, 3: 37. (1854)
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