Arctous
Arctous alpina
alpine bearberry
alpine-bearberry, torpedoberry
prostrate, extensively branched, glabrous.
deciduous (leaf or leaf bases marcescent), bifacial;
blade ovate or obovate to oblanceolate, subcoriaceous, margins crenate-serrate, ± plane, surfaces glabrous (margins ciliate toward base).
petiole winged, 1–4 mm, ciliate on margins, or hairy;
blade obovate to oblanceolate, 4–15 × 0.7–8(–20) mm, base attenuate-cuneate, decurrent onto petiole, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded, surfaces rugose, glabrous or hairy.
racemes (formed on current year’s growth), 2–7-flowered;
bracteoles absent.
2–4(–7)-flowered;
bracts ovate, membranous.
0.1–0.6 mm.
bisexual;
sepals persistent, 5, distinct, broadly ovate;
petals 5, connate nearly their entire lengths, white, cream, yellow, or green, corolla urceolate;
stamens 10, included;
filaments dilated, (usually hairy at base);
anthers (reddish), with 2 (recurved), dorsal awns, dehiscent by 2 terminal pores;
ovary 4–10-locular;
stigma capitate.
sepals pale green or yellow, 0.8–1.2 mm, apex acute;
corolla yellow, whitish, or green (pale yellowish green), 3.5–4.5 mm, lobes recurved, greenish, rounded, 0.5 mm, glabrous;
stamens 1–2 mm;
anthers reddish, becoming yellow, 0.6–0.7 mm, horns 0.1–0.2 mm.
black-purple, 6–9 mm diam.
black-purple, brick red, or scarlet, globose, juicy, smooth;
pyrenes 4–5, distinct.
4–5, distinct, (ovoid), not angled; (testa bony).
2.7–4.6 × 2–3.6 mm.
= 13.
= 26, 28.
Arctous
Arctous alpina
Arctostaphylos Adanson subg. Arctous A. Gray in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 27. 1878
Species 3 or 4 (2 in the flora).
The genus Arctous differs vegetatively from Arctostaphylos in having leaves with winged petioles and crenate to serrulate margins, fruits that are bright red or black and juicy (in Arctostaphylos the fruits are mealy or granular), and only five nutlets with hard, smooth endocarps (in contrast to Arctostaphylos, where the fruits have ten sculptured nutlets). Arctous has flowering buds that develop in the spring, as opposed to Arctostaphylos, in which buds form in the summer and autumn and lie dormant during the winter. Phylogenetic studies employing molecular methods place Arctous as the sister group to Arctostaphylos. Both species of Arctous in the flora area turn bright orange-red in autumn and are suitable for the alpine or rock garden.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
In Greenland, Arctous alpina reaches 77º north latitude on the eastern coast.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Leaf blades 4-15 mm, surfaces rugose, hairy toward base and on petiole (hairs 1-2 mm); twigs clothed with persistent old leaves or petioles; corolla lobes 0.5 mm; fruits black- purple; stones 2.7-4.6 × 2-3.6 mm. | A. alpina |
1. Leaf blades (10-)15-30(-60) mm, surfaces not or only slightly rugose, glabrous; twigs bare of old leaves; corolla lobes 1 mm; fruits brick red or scarlet; stones 2.5-3 × 1.6-2.2 mm. | A. rubra |
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