Arctium minus
Arctium lappa
bourrier, burweed, button-bur, chou bourache, cibourroche, common burdock, cuckoo-button, lesser burdock, lesser burrdock, louse-bur, petite bardane, wild rhubarb
grande bardane, great burdock, greater burdock
petioles hollow (sometimes only at base), 15–50 cm, thinly to densely cobwebby;
blades 30–60 × 15–35 cm, coarsely dentate to subentire (rarely deeply dissected), abaxially ± thinly gray-tomentose, adaxially green, sparsely short-hairy.
petioles solid, 15–36 cm, glabrous or thinly cobwebby;
blades 25–80 × 20–70 cm, coarsely dentate to subentire, abaxially thinly gray-tomentose, adaxially green, sparsely short-hairy to nearly glabrous.
0–9.5 cm.
2.5–6 cm.
15–40 mm diam.
25–45 mm diam.
30+;
corollas purple, pink, or white, 7.5–12 mm, glabrous or limb glandular-puberulent.
40+;
corollas purple (occasionally white), 9–14 mm, glabrous.
linear to linear-lanceolate, glabrous to densely cobwebby, inner often purplish tinged, margins often minutely serrate with fine teeth, puberulent with glandular and or eglandular hairs.
linear to linear-lanceolate, glabrous to loosely cobwebby, inner usually stramineous (sometimes purplish), margins with minute spreading or reflexed hairs.
in racemiform or paniculiform clusters, sessile to pedunculate.
usually in corymbiform clusters, long-pedunculate.
dark brown or with darker spots, 5–8 mm;
pappus bristles 1–3.5 mm.
light brown, often with darker spots, 6–7.5 mm;
pappus bristles 2–5 mm.
= 32 (Germany), 36 (as A. nemorosum).
= 32 (Japan), 34 (China), 36 (Japan); (Sweden).
Arctium minus
Arctium lappa
Arctium minus has been reported from Delaware and Texas; I have not seen specimens.
Arctium minus is a complex species with many variants that have been recognized at ranks ranging from forma to species (J. Arènes 1950). Some North American workers (e.g., R. J. Moore and C. Frankton 1974) have often distinguished plants with involucres more than 3 cm diameter that equal or overtop the corollas as A. nemorosum. Arènes treated those plants as a subspecies of A. minus. Arctium nemorosum was recognized as a species distinct from A. minus (H. Duistermaat 1996), with a different and more restricted circumscription than that used by North American workers. Although most of the characters that Duistermaat used to separate those A. nemorosum from A. minus overlap extensively, the consistently wider mid phyllaries of A. nemorosum (1.7–2.5 mm wide versus 0.6–1.6 mm in A. minus) supposedly distinguish the species. None of the North American specimens examined in preparation of this treatment had the wide phyllaries of A. nemorosum in the sense of Duistermaat, who stated that she had seen no material of this taxon from the American continent. Some American authors have taken up the name Arctium vulgare in place of A. nemorosum and applied A. vulgare (dubbed woodland burdock) to the larger-headed North American plants. Duistermaat considers A. vulgare to be a synonym of A. lappa.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
BONAP lists Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, and Wyoming; I have not seen specimens.
Roots and young leaves of Arctium lappa are edible and can be used in a variety of food preparations. Extracts of Arctium species purportedly have health benefits and are sold as food supplements. This species is sometimes cultivated as a minor crop.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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- Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA
- Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, Go Botany, IL Wildflowers, MI Flora, MN Wildflowers, PNW Herbaria
- WildflowerSearch
- iNaturalist (observations)
- USDA Plants Database
- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
