Arctium lappa |
Arctium |
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grande bardane, great burdock, greater burdock |
bardane, burdock, clotbur |
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Habit | Plants to 100–300 cm. | Biennials or (monocarpic) perennials, 50–300 cm; herbage not spiny. | ||||||||
Stems | erect, openly branched, branches ascending. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; long-petiolate; gradually smaller distally; blade margins entire or dentate (pinnately lobed or dissected), faces abaxially resin-gland-dotted, adaxially often tomentose. |
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Basal leaves | petioles solid, 15–36 cm, glabrous or thinly cobwebby; blades 25–80 × 20–70 cm, coarsely dentate to subentire, abaxially thinly gray-tomentose, adaxially green, sparsely short-hairy to nearly glabrous. |
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Peduncles | 2.5–6 cm. |
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Involucres | 25–45 mm diam. |
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Receptacles | ± flat, epaleate, bearing subulate scales. |
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Florets | 40+; corollas purple (occasionally white), 9–14 mm, glabrous. |
(5–)20–40+; corollas pink to ± purple, glabrous or glandular-puberulent, tubes elongate, throats campanulate, lobes narrowly triangular, ± equal; anther bases tailed, apical appendages ovate, obtuse to acute; style branches: fused portions distally hairy-ringed, distinct portions oblong, acute or obtuse. |
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Phyllaries | linear to linear-lanceolate, glabrous to loosely cobwebby, inner usually stramineous (sometimes purplish), margins with minute spreading or reflexed hairs. |
many in 9–17 series, outer and mid narrowly linear, bases appressed, margins entire, apices stiffly radiating, hooked-spiny tipped, inner linear, ascending or erect, straight tipped. |
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Heads | usually in corymbiform clusters, long-pedunculate. |
discoid, in leafy-bracted racemiform to paniculiform or corymbiform arrays. (Peduncles 0 or 1–9 cm.) Involucres spheric to ovoid. |
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Cypselae | light brown, often with darker spots, 6–7.5 mm; pappus bristles 2–5 mm. |
obovoid, ± compressed, rough or ribbed, glabrous, attachment scars basal; pappi falling, of many bristles in 2–4 series. |
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x | = 18. |
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2n | = 32 (Japan), 34 (China), 36 (Japan); (Sweden). |
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Arctium lappa |
Arctium |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–early fall (Jul–Oct). | |||||||||
Habitat | Waste places, roadsides, fields, forest clearings | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–2200 m (0–7200 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; ND; NH; NV; NY; PA; RI; UT; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; ON; QC; SK; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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[Introduced in North America; Eurasia, n Africa, widely introduced worldwide] |
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Discussion | BONAP lists Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, and Wyoming; I have not seen specimens. Roots and young leaves of Arctium lappa are edible and can be used in a variety of food preparations. Extracts of Arctium species purportedly have health benefits and are sold as food supplements. This species is sometimes cultivated as a minor crop. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 10 (3 in the flora). At maturity the dry heads of Arctium species are readily caducous with the enclosed cypselae, and the hooked phyllary tips cling easily to fur or fabrics. Animal dispersal is a major factor in the spread of burdock species across North America. The burs are a major problem when they become entangled in the wool of sheep and fur of dogs and other animals. Published chromosome reports for Arctium other than n = 18 are probably in error because of difficulty in interpretation of somatic chromosomes (R. J. Moore and C. Frankton 1974). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 169. | FNA vol. 19, p. 168. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Arctium | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae | ||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 816. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 816. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 357. (1754) | ||||||||
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