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East Indian holly fern, hollyfern

Habit Plants terrestrial.
Stems

moderately long- to short-creeping, stolons absent.

Leaves

monomorphic, evergreen.

Petiole

± as long as blade, base not swollen;

vascular bundles more than 3, arranged in an arc, ± round in cross section.

Blade

broadly deltate or pentagonal, 2–3-pinnate-pinnatifid, gradually to abruptly reduced distally to pinnate or pinnatifid apex, papery to somewhat leathery.

Pinnae

not articulate to rachis, segment margins and especially apex spinulose;

proximal pinnae largest, petiolulate, inequilateral with basal basiscopic pinnule much larger and more elongate than more distal pinnules;

costae adaxially grooved, grooves continuous from rachis to costae to costules;

indument of hairlike scales abaxially, absent adaxially.

Veins

free, forked.

Sori

in 1 row between midrib and margin, round;

indusia round-reniform, attached at narrow sinus, persistent.

Spores

brownish, rugate or tuberculate, sometimes spiny.

x

= 41.

Arachniodes

Distribution
from USDA
Central America; South America; Tropics and subtropics; mostly in e Asia and Pacific Islands; a few in Africa; ca 4 in Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 50 (1 in the flora naturalized from Asia).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2. Author: Alan R. Smith.
Parent taxa Dryopteridaceae
Subordinate taxa
A. simplicior
Name authority Blume: Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 241. (1828)
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