Arabis pycnocarpa |
Arabis patens |
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blushing rock-cress, cream-flower rock-cress, hairy eared-rockcress, hairy rockcress, slender rock cress |
spreading rockcress |
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Habit | Biennials or perennials; (caudex branched); usually densely hirsute (at least basally), rarely glabrescent, trichomes simple mixed with stalked or sessile, forked ones. | Biennials or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, with caudex); usually densely hirsute (at least basally), trichomes simple (to 1 mm), sometimes mixed with stalked, forked ones. | ||||
Stems | simple or several from base (rosette), erect, often branched distally, 1–8 dm, (pilose with trichomes appressed, malpighiaceous, or minutely stalked, forked, or hirsute basally with trichomes simple and minutely stalked, forked, sometimes almost exclusively pubescent with forked submalpighiaceous trichomes). |
simple or several from base (rosette), erect, often branched distally, (1.8–)2.5–4.5(–5.5) dm, (hirsute at least basally). |
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Basal leaves | petiole 0.5–2 cm, (ciliate or not); blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, (0.8–)1.5–8 cm × (5–)10–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes sessile or stalked, simple or forked, and/or stellate. |
petiole (0.7–)2–5 cm; blade usually ovate to oblanceolate, rarely cordate, (0.8–)1.5–3 cm × 5–17 mm, margins dentate or serrate, surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes simple or forked. |
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Cauline leaves | (7–)10–45(–61), (overlapping or not); blade ovate to oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear, (1–)1.5–6(–8) cm × (1–)3–20(–25) mm, base subcordate or auriculate (auricles obtuse or subacute), margins dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces hirsute or adaxially glabrescent. |
(5–)8–20(–27), (overlapping or not); blade ovate to oblong or lanceolate, (2–)3–7.5(–9) cm × (10–)13–25(–35) mm, base amplexicaul, margins usually dentate or serrate, sometimes entire, surfaces hirsute. |
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Racemes | often simple. |
branched. |
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Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, linear-oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 3.5–5(–5.5) × 1–2(–2.5) mm, apex obtuse; filaments 2.5–4 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2.5–4.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white, spatulate, (5–)6–9 × 2–3.5 mm, apex obtuse; filaments 3–5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | erect to erect-ascending, (2–)3–8(–12) mm (glabrous or sparsely pubescent). |
ascending to divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–20(–24) mm, (glabrous or sparsely pubescent). |
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Fruits | erect to erect-ascending, (often appressed to rachis), torulose, (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm × 0.8–1(–1.2) mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein extending to the middle; ovules (54–)60–86 per ovary; style (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, (slender). |
divaricate to erect-ascending, (not appressed to rachis), torulose, 2.2–4.6 cm × 0.8–1.2mm; valves each with prominent midvein extending to middle or full length; ovules 16–28 per ovary; style 0.5–2 mm, (slender). |
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Seeds | narrowly winged throughout, oblong or suborbicular, (0.8–)1–1.5(–1.7) × 0.8–1.3 mm; wing to 0.2 mm wide distally. |
narrowly winged distally, oblong, 1–1.6 × 0.6–0.8 mm; wing 0.05–0.1 mm. |
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Arabis pycnocarpa |
Arabis patens |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | |||||
Habitat | Rocky wooded slopes, shady stream banks, limestone ledges and bluffs | |||||
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Asia
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DC; IN; KY; MD; NC; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). M. Hopkins (1937) synthesized earlier works on Arabis pycnocarpa and concluded that it is different from the European A. hirsuta. Both R. C. Rollins (1941, 1993) and G. A. Mulligan (1996) considered the North American and European plants different varieties of A. hirsuta; Mulligan recognized var. hirsuta in North America and Rollins did not. After examining thousands of specimens from Europe, Asia, and North America, I conclude that Hopkins was correct in treating the North American plants as a different species, A. pycnocarpa. The European A. hirsuta is a diploid (2n = 16) that has fruits 1.5–4 cm, stout styles 0.1–0.5 mm, prominent midvein extending the full length of the fruit valve, and 30–40(–44) ovules/seeds per ovary/fruit. By contrast, A. pycnocarpa is a tetraploid (2n = 32) that has fruits (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm, often slender styles (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, obscure midvein hardly extending to the middle of the fruit valve, and ovules/seeds (54–)60–86 per ovary/fruit. Hopkins listed other differences in the number of cauline leaves and the development of seed wing, but these do not hold. Mulligan treated the perennial North American plants with minute styles as var. hirsuta and the biennial ones with longer styles as var. pycnocarpa. Habit and style length are not correlated at all, and one finds both biennials and perennials flowering in the same population. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 259. | FNA vol. 7, p. 262. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | A. hirsuta subsp. pycnocarpa, A. hirsuta var. pycnocarpa | Boechera patens | ||||
Name authority | M. Hopkins: Rhodora 39: 112, plate 458, figs. 1–3. (1937) | Sullivant: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42: 49. (1842) | ||||
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