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blushing rock-cress, cream-flower rock-cress, hairy eared-rockcress, hairy rockcress, slender rock cress

spreading rockcress

Habit Biennials or perennials; (caudex branched); usually densely hirsute (at least basally), rarely glabrescent, trichomes simple mixed with stalked or sessile, forked ones. Biennials or, rarely, perennials; (short-lived, with caudex); usually densely hirsute (at least basally), trichomes simple (to 1 mm), sometimes mixed with stalked, forked ones.
Stems

simple or several from base (rosette), erect, often branched distally, 1–8 dm, (pilose with trichomes appressed, malpighiaceous, or minutely stalked, forked, or hirsute basally with trichomes simple and minutely stalked, forked, sometimes almost exclusively pubescent with forked submalpighiaceous trichomes).

simple or several from base (rosette), erect, often branched distally, (1.8–)2.5–4.5(–5.5) dm, (hirsute at least basally).

Basal leaves

petiole 0.5–2 cm, (ciliate or not);

blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, (0.8–)1.5–8 cm × (5–)10–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes sessile or stalked, simple or forked, and/or stellate.

petiole (0.7–)2–5 cm;

blade usually ovate to oblanceolate, rarely cordate, (0.8–)1.5–3 cm × 5–17 mm, margins dentate or serrate, surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes simple or forked.

Cauline leaves

(7–)10–45(–61), (overlapping or not);

blade ovate to oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear, (1–)1.5–6(–8) cm × (1–)3–20(–25) mm, base subcordate or auriculate (auricles obtuse or subacute), margins dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces hirsute or adaxially glabrescent.

(5–)8–20(–27), (overlapping or not);

blade ovate to oblong or lanceolate, (2–)3–7.5(–9) cm × (10–)13–25(–35) mm, base amplexicaul, margins usually dentate or serrate, sometimes entire, surfaces hirsute.

Racemes

often simple.

branched.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white, linear-oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 3.5–5(–5.5) × 1–2(–2.5) mm, apex obtuse;

filaments 2.5–4 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm.

sepals oblong, 2.5–4.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally;

petals white, spatulate, (5–)6–9 × 2–3.5 mm, apex obtuse;

filaments 3–5 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

erect to erect-ascending, (2–)3–8(–12) mm (glabrous or sparsely pubescent).

ascending to divaricate-ascending, (7–)10–20(–24) mm, (glabrous or sparsely pubescent).

Fruits

erect to erect-ascending, (often appressed to rachis), torulose, (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm × 0.8–1(–1.2) mm;

valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein extending to the middle;

ovules (54–)60–86 per ovary;

style (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, (slender).

divaricate to erect-ascending, (not appressed to rachis), torulose, 2.2–4.6 cm × 0.8–1.2mm;

valves each with prominent midvein extending to middle or full length;

ovules 16–28 per ovary;

style 0.5–2 mm, (slender).

Seeds

narrowly winged throughout, oblong or suborbicular, (0.8–)1–1.5(–1.7) × 0.8–1.3 mm;

wing to 0.2 mm wide distally.

narrowly winged distally, oblong, 1–1.6 × 0.6–0.8 mm;

wing 0.05–0.1 mm.

Arabis pycnocarpa

Arabis patens

Phenology Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Rocky wooded slopes, shady stream banks, limestone ledges and bluffs
Elevation 0-500 m (0-1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Asia
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from FNA
DC; IN; KY; MD; NC; OH; PA; TN; VA; WV
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

M. Hopkins (1937) synthesized earlier works on Arabis pycnocarpa and concluded that it is different from the European A. hirsuta. Both R. C. Rollins (1941, 1993) and G. A. Mulligan (1996) considered the North American and European plants different varieties of A. hirsuta; Mulligan recognized var. hirsuta in North America and Rollins did not. After examining thousands of specimens from Europe, Asia, and North America, I conclude that Hopkins was correct in treating the North American plants as a different species, A. pycnocarpa. The European A. hirsuta is a diploid (2n = 16) that has fruits 1.5–4 cm, stout styles 0.1–0.5 mm, prominent midvein extending the full length of the fruit valve, and 30–40(–44) ovules/seeds per ovary/fruit. By contrast, A. pycnocarpa is a tetraploid (2n = 32) that has fruits (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm, often slender styles (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, obscure midvein hardly extending to the middle of the fruit valve, and ovules/seeds (54–)60–86 per ovary/fruit. Hopkins listed other differences in the number of cauline leaves and the development of seed wing, but these do not hold. Mulligan treated the perennial North American plants with minute styles as var. hirsuta and the biennial ones with longer styles as var. pycnocarpa. Habit and style length are not correlated at all, and one finds both biennials and perennials flowering in the same population.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually hirsute basally, rarely glabrescent, trichomes often simple, sometimes branched; basal leaf blades: surfaces with simple and stalked trichomes.
var. pycnocarpa
1. Stems pilose, trichomes appressed, malpighiaceous, or minutely stalked, forked; basal leaf blades: surfaces with sessile, forked, and/or stellatetrichomes.
var. adpressipilis
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 259. FNA vol. 7, p. 262.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Arabis Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Arabis
Sibling taxa
A. aculeolata, A. alpina, A. blepharophylla, A. caucasica, A. crucisetosa, A. eschscholtziana, A. furcata, A. georgiana, A. mcdonaldiana, A. modesta, A. nuttallii, A. olympica, A. oregana, A. patens
A. aculeolata, A. alpina, A. blepharophylla, A. caucasica, A. crucisetosa, A. eschscholtziana, A. furcata, A. georgiana, A. mcdonaldiana, A. modesta, A. nuttallii, A. olympica, A. oregana, A. pycnocarpa
Subordinate taxa
A. pycnocarpa var. adpressipilis, A. pycnocarpa var. pycnocarpa
Synonyms A. hirsuta subsp. pycnocarpa, A. hirsuta var. pycnocarpa Boechera patens
Name authority M. Hopkins: Rhodora 39: 112, plate 458, figs. 1–3. (1937) Sullivant: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42: 49. (1842)
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