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Oregon rock-cress

blushing rock-cress, cream-flower rock-cress, hairy eared-rockcress, hairy rockcress, slender rock cress

Habit Perennials; (caudex simple or branched, with some persistent petiolar remains); sparsely to moderately pubescent, trichomes bulbous-based, simple and long-stalked, forked, (to 2 mm), these often mixed with fewer 3-rayed, stalked stellate ones. Biennials or perennials; (caudex branched); usually densely hirsute (at least basally), rarely glabrescent, trichomes simple mixed with stalked or sessile, forked ones.
Stems

simple or few from base (caudex), erect, unbranched distally, (0.6–)1.7–4.5(–5) dm, (usually pubescent throughout, rarely subglabrate, coarsely hirsute, trichomes simple, mixed with forked ones).

simple or several from base (rosette), erect, often branched distally, 1–8 dm, (pilose with trichomes appressed, malpighiaceous, or minutely stalked, forked, or hirsute basally with trichomes simple and minutely stalked, forked, sometimes almost exclusively pubescent with forked submalpighiaceous trichomes).

Basal leaves

petiole 0.5–2(–3) cm, (ciliate);

blade oblanceolate to obovate, (1–)2–5(–9) cm × (5–)8–18(–22) mm, margins entire or repand to dentate, (ciliate), apex obtuse, surfaces pubescent or glabrous, trichomes simple and forked, sometimes mixed with 3-rayed stellate ones.

petiole 0.5–2 cm, (ciliate or not);

blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, (0.8–)1.5–8 cm × (5–)10–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes sessile or stalked, simple or forked, and/or stellate.

Cauline leaves

3–6 (or 7);

blade oblong, 1–3(–6) cm × 2–7(–15) mm, base not auriculate, margins entire or dentate, (ciliate or not), apex obtuse, surfaces pubescent as basal leaves or glabrous.

(7–)10–45(–61), (overlapping or not);

blade ovate to oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear, (1–)1.5–6(–8) cm × (1–)3–20(–25) mm, base subcordate or auriculate (auricles obtuse or subacute), margins dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces hirsute or adaxially glabrescent.

Racemes

simple, (dense).

often simple.

Flowers

sepals (purple), oblong, (5–)6–8 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals purple or pink, spatulate, (10–)12–15(–16) × (3–)4–5 mm, apex obtuse;

filaments (4–)5–8 mm;

anthers narrowly oblong, 1.2–1.8 mm.

sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals white, linear-oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 3.5–5(–5.5) × 1–2(–2.5) mm, apex obtuse;

filaments 2.5–4 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending to erect, 5–10 mm, (pubescent or glabrous).

erect to erect-ascending, (2–)3–8(–12) mm (glabrous or sparsely pubescent).

Fruits

erect or nearly so, slightly torulose, (3–)4.5–6 cm × 1.5–2 mm;

valves each with prominent midvein;

ovules 24–30 per ovary;

style 0.5–1 mm.

erect to erect-ascending, (often appressed to rachis), torulose, (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm × 0.8–1(–1.2) mm;

valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein extending to the middle;

ovules (54–)60–86 per ovary;

style (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, (slender).

Seeds

narrowly winged distally or not winged, oblong, 1.8–2.2 × ca. 1 mm;

wing ca. 0.1 mm wide.

narrowly winged throughout, oblong or suborbicular, (0.8–)1–1.5(–1.7) × 0.8–1.3 mm;

wing to 0.2 mm wide distally.

2n

= 32.

Arabis oregana

Arabis pycnocarpa

Phenology Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Moist granitic soil, rocky hillsides, chaparrals, steep banks
Elevation 500-1000(-1400) m (1600-3300(-4600) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Asia
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Arabis oregana is known from Napa and Siskiyou counties (California) and Jackson County (Oregon).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

M. Hopkins (1937) synthesized earlier works on Arabis pycnocarpa and concluded that it is different from the European A. hirsuta. Both R. C. Rollins (1941, 1993) and G. A. Mulligan (1996) considered the North American and European plants different varieties of A. hirsuta; Mulligan recognized var. hirsuta in North America and Rollins did not. After examining thousands of specimens from Europe, Asia, and North America, I conclude that Hopkins was correct in treating the North American plants as a different species, A. pycnocarpa. The European A. hirsuta is a diploid (2n = 16) that has fruits 1.5–4 cm, stout styles 0.1–0.5 mm, prominent midvein extending the full length of the fruit valve, and 30–40(–44) ovules/seeds per ovary/fruit. By contrast, A. pycnocarpa is a tetraploid (2n = 32) that has fruits (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm, often slender styles (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, obscure midvein hardly extending to the middle of the fruit valve, and ovules/seeds (54–)60–86 per ovary/fruit. Hopkins listed other differences in the number of cauline leaves and the development of seed wing, but these do not hold. Mulligan treated the perennial North American plants with minute styles as var. hirsuta and the biennial ones with longer styles as var. pycnocarpa. Habit and style length are not correlated at all, and one finds both biennials and perennials flowering in the same population.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems usually hirsute basally, rarely glabrescent, trichomes often simple, sometimes branched; basal leaf blades: surfaces with simple and stalked trichomes.
var. pycnocarpa
1. Stems pilose, trichomes appressed, malpighiaceous, or minutely stalked, forked; basal leaf blades: surfaces with sessile, forked, and/or stellatetrichomes.
var. adpressipilis
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 264. FNA vol. 7, p. 259.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Arabis Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Arabis
Sibling taxa
A. aculeolata, A. alpina, A. blepharophylla, A. caucasica, A. crucisetosa, A. eschscholtziana, A. furcata, A. georgiana, A. mcdonaldiana, A. modesta, A. nuttallii, A. olympica, A. patens, A. pycnocarpa
A. aculeolata, A. alpina, A. blepharophylla, A. caucasica, A. crucisetosa, A. eschscholtziana, A. furcata, A. georgiana, A. mcdonaldiana, A. modesta, A. nuttallii, A. olympica, A. oregana, A. patens
Subordinate taxa
A. pycnocarpa var. adpressipilis, A. pycnocarpa var. pycnocarpa
Synonyms A. purpurascens, A. furcata var. purpurascens A. hirsuta subsp. pycnocarpa, A. hirsuta var. pycnocarpa
Name authority Rollins: Rhodora 43: 349. (1941) M. Hopkins: Rhodora 39: 112, plate 458, figs. 1–3. (1937)
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