Arabis georgiana |
Arabis pycnocarpa |
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Georgia rockcress |
blushing rock-cress, cream-flower rock-cress, hairy eared-rockcress, hairy rockcress, slender rock cress |
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Habit | Biennials; sparsely to moderately hirsute (at least basally), trichomes simple, mixed with fewer, short-stalked, forked ones, subsessile cruciform or 3-rayed stellate trichomes commonly on abaxial blade surfaces, sometimes plants glabrous distally. | Biennials or perennials; (caudex branched); usually densely hirsute (at least basally), rarely glabrescent, trichomes simple mixed with stalked or sessile, forked ones. | ||||
Stems | simple or few from base (rosette), erect, unbranched or branched (few) distally, 3–7 dm, (hirsute basally, glabrous distally). |
simple or several from base (rosette), erect, often branched distally, 1–8 dm, (pilose with trichomes appressed, malpighiaceous, or minutely stalked, forked, or hirsute basally with trichomes simple and minutely stalked, forked, sometimes almost exclusively pubescent with forked submalpighiaceous trichomes). |
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Basal leaves | petiole 0.5–2 cm, (ciliate or not); blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or obovate, 1.5–6 cm × 5–15 mm, margins dentate, apex obtuse or acute, abaxial surface moderately to sparsely pubescent, trichomes subsessile stellate, adaxial surface subglabrate or sparsely stellate. |
petiole 0.5–2 cm, (ciliate or not); blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, (0.8–)1.5–8 cm × (5–)10–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes sessile or stalked, simple or forked, and/or stellate. |
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Cauline leaves | 7–26; blade oblong, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 1.5–7 cm × 3–18 mm, base auriculate to subamplexicaul, margins dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse, pubescent as basal leaves except distalmost leaves often glabrous. |
(7–)10–45(–61), (overlapping or not); blade ovate to oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear, (1–)1.5–6(–8) cm × (1–)3–20(–25) mm, base subcordate or auriculate (auricles obtuse or subacute), margins dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces hirsute or adaxially glabrescent. |
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Racemes | often simple. |
often simple. |
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Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–4.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair subsaccate basally; petals white, narrowly spatulate or oblanceolate, 6–9 × 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse; filaments 3–4.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8–1 mm. |
sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, linear-oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 3.5–5(–5.5) × 1–2(–2.5) mm, apex obtuse; filaments 2.5–4 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | erect to erect-ascending, 7–16 mm, (glabrous). |
erect to erect-ascending, (2–)3–8(–12) mm (glabrous or sparsely pubescent). |
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Fruits | erect to erect-ascending, (often subappressed to rachis), smooth, 4–7 cm × 0.7–0.8 mm; valves each with midvein extending full length or to middle; ovules 38–44 per ovary; style 0.7–1.8 mm. |
erect to erect-ascending, (often appressed to rachis), torulose, (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm × 0.8–1(–1.2) mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein extending to the middle; ovules (54–)60–86 per ovary; style (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, (slender). |
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Seeds | narrowly winged throughout, oblong, 0.9–1.9 × 0.5–0.7 mm; wing to 0.1 mm wide distally. |
narrowly winged throughout, oblong or suborbicular, (0.8–)1–1.5(–1.7) × 0.8–1.3 mm; wing to 0.2 mm wide distally. |
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Arabis georgiana |
Arabis pycnocarpa |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Apr. | |||||
Habitat | Stream banks, roadsides | |||||
Elevation | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; GA |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Asia
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Discussion | Of conservation concern. Arabis georgiana is most closely related to A. pycnocarpa, from which it is easily distinguished by having narrower fruits, longer petals, and subsessile cruciform or 3-rayed trichomes on abaxial surfaces of basal leaves. It is known only in Alabama from Bibb and Elmore counties and in Georgia from Stewart County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). M. Hopkins (1937) synthesized earlier works on Arabis pycnocarpa and concluded that it is different from the European A. hirsuta. Both R. C. Rollins (1941, 1993) and G. A. Mulligan (1996) considered the North American and European plants different varieties of A. hirsuta; Mulligan recognized var. hirsuta in North America and Rollins did not. After examining thousands of specimens from Europe, Asia, and North America, I conclude that Hopkins was correct in treating the North American plants as a different species, A. pycnocarpa. The European A. hirsuta is a diploid (2n = 16) that has fruits 1.5–4 cm, stout styles 0.1–0.5 mm, prominent midvein extending the full length of the fruit valve, and 30–40(–44) ovules/seeds per ovary/fruit. By contrast, A. pycnocarpa is a tetraploid (2n = 32) that has fruits (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm, often slender styles (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, obscure midvein hardly extending to the middle of the fruit valve, and ovules/seeds (54–)60–86 per ovary/fruit. Hopkins listed other differences in the number of cauline leaves and the development of seed wing, but these do not hold. Mulligan treated the perennial North American plants with minute styles as var. hirsuta and the biennial ones with longer styles as var. pycnocarpa. Habit and style length are not correlated at all, and one finds both biennials and perennials flowering in the same population. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 261. | FNA vol. 7, p. 259. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | A. hirsuta subsp. pycnocarpa, A. hirsuta var. pycnocarpa | |||||
Name authority | R. M. Harper: Torreya 3: 88. (1903) | M. Hopkins: Rhodora 39: 112, plate 458, figs. 1–3. (1937) | ||||
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