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Cascade rock-cress, Columbia Gorge rockcress, fork-hair rock-cress

modest rock-cress, Rogue Canyon rock-cress

Habit Perennials; (caudex simple or branched, covered with persistent petiolar remains); glabrous or sparsely pubescent, trichomes simple or short-stalked, forked (0.3–1 mm), these rarely mixed with fewer, unequal 3-rayed ones. Perennials; (caudex usually simple, rarely branched, covered with persistent petiolar remains); sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes short-stalked, cruci-form, or 3-rayed stellate, (0.3–0.5 mm).
Stems

simple or few from base (caudex), erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched (few) distally, (0.7–)1–3.8(–4.5) dm, (glabrous throughout or sparsely pubescent basally to distally).

simple or few from base (caudex), erect, usually unbranched, rarely branched (few) distally, 2.2–5.5(–6.7) dm, (usually pubescent throughout, rarely subglabrate distally, trichomes stellate).

Basal leaves

petiole (0.4–)1–3(–4.5) cm, (glabrous or sparsely ciliate);

blades oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate, (0.7–)1.2–3 cm × 5–17(–22) mm, margins entire or dentate, (often ciliate), apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, trichomes short-stalked, forked and simple.

petiole 1–4(–5) cm, (rarely minutely ciliate near base);

blade oblanceolate to obovate, (0.8–)2–4.5(–6) cm × (4–)10–20(–25) mm, margins entire, repand, or dentate, (not ciliate), apex obtuse, surfaces pubescent, trichomes short-stalked, stellate.

Cauline leaves

(2 or) 3–5 (or 6);

blade linear, oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate, 0.7–3(–4) cm × 3–8 mm, base cuneate, not auriculate, margins usually entire, rarely few-toothed, apex obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous, rarely margins ciliate.

(2–)4–6(–9);

blade oblong or ovate, 1–3.5(–4.5) cm × (3–)6–10(–20) mm, base not auriculate, margins entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces pubescent, trichomes short-stalked, stellate.

Racemes

simple, (dense or lax).

simple, (dense).

Flowers

sepals (greenish), oblong, 3–4 × 1.5–2 mm, (usually glabrous, rarely with few trichomes subapically), lateral pair saccate basally;

petals white, spatulate, 7–11 × 2.5–4 mm, apex rounded;

filaments 3.5–5 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.8–1 mm.

sepals (purple), oblong, (4–)5–6.5(–8) × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals purple, spatulate, (10–)12–16(–20) × 4–6(–7) mm, apex rounded;

filaments (4–)5–8 mm;

anthers narrowly oblong, 1.3–2 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

suberect, ascending, or divaricate, (2–)4–17(–22) mm, (glabrous).

ascending to divaricate, 7–18(–25) mm.

Fruits

ascending to suberect, (not appressed to rachis), slightly torulose, sometimes slightly curved, strongly flattened, (2–)2.5–4(–4.6) cm × 1.7–2.2 mm;

valves each with prominent midvein extending full length;

ovules 14–26 per ovary;

style 0.5–1.2(–1.6) mm, (slender).

suberect to divaricate, sometimes slightly curved, slightly torulose, (2.8–)3.5–6 cm × 1.5–2 mm;

valves each with prominent midvein extending to middle or full length;

ovules 20–34 per ovary;

style 0.5–1(–1.5) mm.

Seeds

winged distally, oblong to broadly ovate, (1.5–)1.8–2.5(–3) × 1–1.3 mm;

wing (0.2–)0.4–0.8(–1) mm wide.

winged distally, oblong, 1.7–2.2 × 0.9–1.2 mm;

wing 0.2–0.5 mm wide.

2n

= 32.

Arabis furcata

Arabis modesta

Phenology Flowering May–Jul(-Aug). Flowering Mar–Apr(-May).
Habitat Open slopes, alpine meadows, cliffs, ridge crests Moist shaded banks, slopes, rocky canyon walls, talus, basaltic bluffs
Elevation (50-)1000-2100 m ((200-)3300-6900 ft) 150-500 m (500-1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
OR; WA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Arabis furcata is known in Washington from Chelan, Kittitas, Klickitat, Okanogan, Skamania, and Yakima counties, and in Oregon from Clackamas, Hood River, Multnomah, and Wasco counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Arabis modesta, known only from Napa, Siskiyou, and Yolo counties (California), and Jackson and Josephine counties (Oregon), and the following four species form a well-defined group easily separated from the first nine species above by their large, purple petals. Arabis modesta is readily distinguished from other purple-flowered Arabis by having very fine, short-stalked cruciform and 3-rayed, instead of simple and 2-rayed, forked trichomes. Arabis blepharophylla has broadly winged, orbicular seeds, and the other purple-flowered species (A. aculeolata, A. mcdonaldiana, A. oregana) have oblong seeds that are not winged or narrowly winged distally. The lines separating these three species are not as well-defined as those of A. blepharophylla and A. modesta, and further studies are needed to resolve them. I prefer to maintain all five species of purple-flowered Arabis as distinct until thorough molecular and hybridization studies are conducted. In the absence of such studies, it is unwise to make any nomenclatural changes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 262. FNA vol. 7, p. 264.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Arabis Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Arabis
Sibling taxa
A. aculeolata, A. alpina, A. blepharophylla, A. caucasica, A. crucisetosa, A. eschscholtziana, A. georgiana, A. mcdonaldiana, A. modesta, A. nuttallii, A. olympica, A. oregana, A. patens, A. pycnocarpa
A. aculeolata, A. alpina, A. blepharophylla, A. caucasica, A. crucisetosa, A. eschscholtziana, A. furcata, A. georgiana, A. mcdonaldiana, A. nuttallii, A. olympica, A. oregana, A. patens, A. pycnocarpa
Synonyms A. suksdorfii
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 362. (1882) Rollins: Rhodora 43: 350. (1941)
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