Arabis alpina |
Arabis mcdonaldiana |
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alpine rockcress, arabis alpina |
Mcdonald's rock-cress |
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Habit | Perennials; (stoloniferous, with vegetative rosettes, loosely cespitose to somewhat pulvinate); sparsely to moderately pubescent, trichomes stalked, cruciform, stellate, mixed with simple and forked-stalked ones. | Perennials; (caudex simple or branched, covered with persistent petiolar remains); usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent, trichomes simple, (to 0.5 mm), not bulbous-based. |
Stems | usually simple from base, erect to ascending, often branched proximally, (0.6–)1–2(–2.5) dm. |
simple or few from base (caudex), erect, unbranched, (0.6–)1.5–3(–4) dm, (glabrous). |
Basal leaves | petiole 0–1 cm; blade spatulate, oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate, (0.4–)1–4(–5) cm × (3–)6–15(–20) mm, margins dentate to denticulate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces usually pubescent, rarely subglabrate, trichomes stellate with simple rays. |
petiole 0.3–1.5 cm; blade oblanceolate to obovate, (0.5–)1–3(–4) cm × (2–)3–6(–10) mm, margins entire, repand, or obtusely dentate, apex obtuse, surfaces sometimes with individual trichomes terminating some or all leaf teeth. |
Cauline leaves | 3–5(–6); blade oblong or ovate, 1–3 cm × 5–15 mm, base subcordate or auriculate, margins usually dentate, rarely subentire, apex acute or obtuse. |
(2 or) 3–5 (or 6); blade oblong, 0.3–1(–1.2) cm × 1–3 mm, base not auriculate, margins entire or repand, apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous. |
Racemes | simple, (lax). |
simple, (dense). |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–4(–4.7) × 1–2 mm, lateral pair conspicuously saccate basally; petals white, spatulate to obovate, 5–8(–9) × 2–3.5 mm, apex obtuse; filaments 3–5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1.2 mm. |
sepals (purple), oblong, 4–8 × 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals purple, spatulate, 8–16 × 2–5 mm, apex obtuse; filaments 4–8 mm; anthers oblong, 1.5–2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, 4–10(–12) mm. |
ascending to suberect, 3–10(–13) mm. |
Fruits | ascending to spreading, torulose, 1.7–3.5(–4) cm × 1–1.7 mm; valves each with midvein absent or obscure, along proximal 1/2; ovules 34–50 per ovary; style 0.3–0.6 mm. |
ascending to suberect, not torulose, sometimes slightly curved, 2–4 cm × 1.5–2 mm; valves each with prominent midvein extending full length; ovules 20–34 per ovary; style 0.3–1.5 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly winged throughout, ovate, 1–1.4 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.1–0.2 mm wide. |
narrowly winged distally or, rarely, not winged, oblong, 1.5–2.2 × 1–1.3 mm, wing 0.1–0.2 mm wide. |
2n | = 16. |
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Arabis alpina |
Arabis mcdonaldiana |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Crevices of limestone rocks, along streams, calcareous alpine meadows, Salix scrub on slopes with scree | Serpentine scrap and slopes, red serpentinized soil |
Elevation | 0-2400 m (0-7900 ft) | 200-1800 m (700-5900 ft) |
Distribution |
NY; WA; NL; NU; QC; Greenland; Europe; sw Asia; n Africa; tropical Africa
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Arabis alpina, the generic type, is variable. It is cultivated extensively for its attractive flowers, and it sometimes escapes from cultivation. There is disagreement as to whether one or more species should be recognized in this complex. European, some African, and most North American plants are recognized as A. alpina; most of the larger-flowered, southwestern Asian plants, which are most commonly cultivated, are recognized as A. caucasica or as A. alpina subsp. caucasica (Willdenow) Briquet. In my opinion, the morphological differences between the two (see key, couplet 3) support recognition of two species, as did R. C. Rollins (1993) and G. A. Mulligan (1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Arabis mcdonaldiana is known in California from Del Norte, Mendocino, and Siskiyou counties, and in Oregon from Curry and Jackson counties. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 259. | FNA vol. 7, p. 265. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. alpina var. glabrata | A. blepharophylla var. mcdonaldiana, A. serpentinicola |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 664. (1753) | Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 488, unnumb. fig. (p. 489). (1903) |
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