Arabis alpina |
Arabis eschscholtziana |
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alpine rockcress, arabis alpina |
Eschscholtz's hairy rock-cress, Eschscholtz's rockcress, hairy rockcress, Pacific coast rockcress |
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Habit | Perennials; (stoloniferous, with vegetative rosettes, loosely cespitose to somewhat pulvinate); sparsely to moderately pubescent, trichomes stalked, cruciform, stellate, mixed with simple and forked-stalked ones. | Biennials or perennials; (caudex branched); usually densely hirsute (at least basally), trichomes simple or stalked, forked, sometimes glabrescent with mostly simple ones. |
Stems | usually simple from base, erect to ascending, often branched proximally, (0.6–)1–2(–2.5) dm. |
simple or several from base (rosette), erect, often branched distally, 2–7(–10) dm, (hirsute basally, trichomes simple and minutely stalked, forked, rarely almost exclusively glabrous). |
Basal leaves | petiole 0–1 cm; blade spatulate, oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate, (0.4–)1–4(–5) cm × (3–)6–15(–20) mm, margins dentate to denticulate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces usually pubescent, rarely subglabrate, trichomes stellate with simple rays. |
petiole 0.7–3 cm, (ciliate or not); blade broadly spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate, 1.2–10 cm × 7–30 mm, margins entire or dentate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous, trichomes simple, forked and stalked, stellate. |
Cauline leaves | 3–5(–6); blade oblong or ovate, 1–3 cm × 5–15 mm, base subcordate or auriculate, margins usually dentate, rarely subentire, apex acute or obtuse. |
(2–)4–12(–18), (well-spaced or, rarely, overlapping); blade ovate to oblong or lanceolate, 1.5–6.5(–10) cm × 5–30 mm, base auriculate, margins dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces sparsely hirsute or glabrous. |
Racemes | simple, (lax). |
simple or branched. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 2.5–4(–4.7) × 1–2 mm, lateral pair conspicuously saccate basally; petals white, spatulate to obovate, 5–8(–9) × 2–3.5 mm, apex obtuse; filaments 3–5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1.2 mm. |
sepals oblong, 3.5–5 × 1.2–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals white, rarely pink, linear-oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, (5.5–) 6.5–9(–10) × 1.5–3 mm, apex obtuse; filaments 3.5–6 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to divaricate, 4–10(–12) mm. |
erect to erect-ascending, 3.5–10(–15) mm, (glabrous or sparsely pubescent). |
Fruits | ascending to spreading, torulose, 1.7–3.5(–4) cm × 1–1.7 mm; valves each with midvein absent or obscure, along proximal 1/2; ovules 34–50 per ovary; style 0.3–0.6 mm. |
erect to erect-ascending, (often appressed to rachis), torulose, 3.5–6.5 cm × 1.2–1.8(–2) mm; valves each with prominent midvein extending full length or to middle; ovules 54–80 per ovary; style (0.1–)0.3–1 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly winged throughout, ovate, 1–1.4 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.1–0.2 mm wide. |
usually narrowly winged throughout or only distally, rarely not winged, oblong or suborbicular, 1–1.8 × 0.9–1.3 mm; wing to 0.2 mm wide distally. |
2n | = 16. |
= 32, 64. |
Arabis alpina |
Arabis eschscholtziana |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering (Apr-)May–Jul. |
Habitat | Crevices of limestone rocks, along streams, calcareous alpine meadows, Salix scrub on slopes with scree | Rocky slopes, crevices, and ledges, meadows, moist banks and grounds, granitic soil, wooded slopes |
Elevation | 0-2400 m (0-7900 ft) | 0-2800 m (0-9200 ft) |
Distribution |
NY; WA; NL; NU; QC; Greenland; Europe; sw Asia; n Africa; tropical Africa
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AK; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; YT
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Discussion | Arabis alpina, the generic type, is variable. It is cultivated extensively for its attractive flowers, and it sometimes escapes from cultivation. There is disagreement as to whether one or more species should be recognized in this complex. European, some African, and most North American plants are recognized as A. alpina; most of the larger-flowered, southwestern Asian plants, which are most commonly cultivated, are recognized as A. caucasica or as A. alpina subsp. caucasica (Willdenow) Briquet. In my opinion, the morphological differences between the two (see key, couplet 3) support recognition of two species, as did R. C. Rollins (1993) and G. A. Mulligan (1996). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
G. A. Mulligan (1996) recognized Arabis eschscholtziana as a distinct species; R. C. Rollins (1941, 1993) treated it as a variety of A. hirsuta. As discussed under A. pycnocarpa, A. hirsuta does not occur in North America, and the characters separating all three species (see key to species), as well as the different ploidy levels, support Mulligan’s conclusion. Both M. Hopkins (1937) and R. C. Rollins (1941, 1993) recognized the glabrous or subglabrate forms native to North America as a distinct variety, var. glabrata; G. A. Mulligan (1996) did not accord such forms any taxonomic status. Glabrous and subglabrate forms occur in both Arabis eschscholtziana and A. pycnocarpa and sometimes even within a population that has moderately to densely pubescent forms. I support Mulligan’s view in not recognizing the glabrous forms as an infraspecific taxon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 259. | FNA vol. 7, p. 261. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. alpina var. glabrata | A. hirsuta subsp. eschscholtziana, A. hirsuta var. eschscholtziana, A. hirsuta var. glabrata, A. ovata var. glabrata, A. pycnocarpa var. glabrata, A. rupestris, A. stelleri var. eschscholtziana, Turritis spathulata |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 664. (1753) | Andrzejowski: in C. F. von Ledebour, Fl. Altaica 3: 25. (1831) |
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