Aquilegia vulgaris |
Aquilegia chrysantha |
|
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ancolie vulgaire, European columbine |
golden columbine |
|
Stems | 30-72 cm. |
30-120 cm. |
Basal leaves | 2x-ternately compound, 10-30 cm, much shorter than stems; leaflets green adaxially, to 15-47 mm, not viscid; primary petiolules 22-60 mm (leaflets not crowded), pilose or rarely glabrous. |
2-3x-ternately compound, 9-45 cm, much shorter than stems; leaflets green adaxially, to 11-55 mm, not viscid; primary petiolules 20-50 mm (leaflets not crowded), glabrous or distally pilose. |
Flowers | nodding; sepals divergent from or perpendicular to floral axis, mostly blue or purple, lance-ovate, (10-)15-25 × 8-12 mm, apex broadly acute or obtuse; petals: spurs mostly blue or purple, hooked, 14-22 mm, stout, evenly tapered from base, blades mostly blue or purple, oblong, 10-13 × 6-10 mm; stamens 9-13 mm. |
erect; sepals perpendicular to floral axis, yellow, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 20-36 × 5-10 mm, apex narrowly acute or acuminate; petals: spurs yellow, straight, ± parallel or divergent, 42-65 mm, slender, evenly tapered from base, blades yellow, oblong, 13-23 × 6-15 mm; stamens 12-25 mm. |
Follicles | 15-25 mm; beak 7-15 mm. |
18-30 mm; beak 10-18 mm. |
2n | = 14 (Europe). |
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Aquilegia vulgaris |
Aquilegia chrysantha |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer (May–Jul). | Flowering spring–summer (Apr–Sep). |
Habitat | Disturbed habitats | Damp places in canyons |
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | 1000-3500 m (3300-11500 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VT; WA; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AZ; CO; NM; TX; UT; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Aquilegia vulgaris is cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally escapes into disturbed habitats. Most plants have blue or purple flowers (the wild type), but horticultural races with white or reddish flowers sometimes become established. Many cultivated columbines are derived from hybrids between A. vulgaris and related species. Some of our escaped plants are probably descended from such hybrids. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Colorado populations supposedly having spurs only 35-40 mm have been called Aquilegia chrysantha var. rydbergii. Material seen from this area falls within the normal range of variation of the species. Populations intermediate between A. chrysantha and A. coerulea var. pinetorum occur in northern Arizona (M. Butterwick et al. 1991). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Aquilegia | Ranunculaceae > Aquilegia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. chrysantha var. rydbergii | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 533. (1753) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 621. (1873) |
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