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ancolie vulgaire, European columbine

blue columbine, smallflower columbine

Stems

30-72 cm.

20-80 cm.

Basal leaves

2x-ternately compound, 10-30 cm, much shorter than stems;

leaflets green adaxially, to 15-47 mm, not viscid;

primary petiolules 22-60 mm (leaflets not crowded), pilose or rarely glabrous.

2x-ternately compound, 5-30 cm, much shorter than stems;

leaflets green adaxially, to 12-44 mm, not viscid;

primary petiolules 10-55 mm (leaflets not crowded), distally pilose or occasionally glabrous.

Flowers

nodding;

sepals divergent from or perpendicular to floral axis, mostly blue or purple, lance-ovate, (10-)15-25 × 8-12 mm, apex broadly acute or obtuse;

petals: spurs mostly blue or purple, hooked, 14-22 mm, stout, evenly tapered from base, blades mostly blue or purple, oblong, 10-13 × 6-10 mm;

stamens 9-13 mm.

nodding;

sepals divergent from floral axis, blue, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 13-16 × 3-6 mm, apex acuminate or acute;

petals: spurs blue, hooked, 5-10 mm, stout, evenly tapered from base, blades white or pale yellow, oblong, 7-10 × 3-6 mm;

stamens 7-11 mm.

Follicles

15-25 mm;

beak 7-15 mm.

15-25 mm;

beak 3-4 mm.

2n

= 14 (Europe).

= 14, 16.

Aquilegia vulgaris

Aquilegia brevistyla

Phenology Flowering spring–summer (May–Jul). Flowering summer (Jun–Aug).
Habitat Disturbed habitats Open woods, meadows, shores, and rock outcrops
Elevation 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) 800-3500 m (2600-11500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IA; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VT; WA; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; MT; SD; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Aquilegia vulgaris is cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally escapes into disturbed habitats. Most plants have blue or purple flowers (the wild type), but horticultural races with white or reddish flowers sometimes become established. Many cultivated columbines are derived from hybrids between A. vulgaris and related species. Some of our escaped plants are probably descended from such hybrids.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Aquilegia brevistyla has been reported from Minnesota. All Minnesota material seen, however, has been misidentified.

The chromosome number in this species needs to be reinvestigated.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Ranunculaceae > Aquilegia Ranunculaceae > Aquilegia
Sibling taxa
A. barnebyi, A. brevistyla, A. canadensis, A. chaplinei, A. chrysantha, A. coerulea, A. desertorum, A. elegantula, A. eximia, A. flavescens, A. formosa, A. hinckleyana, A. jonesii, A. laramiensis, A. longissima, A. micrantha, A. pubescens, A. saximontana, A. scopulorum, A. shockleyi
A. barnebyi, A. canadensis, A. chaplinei, A. chrysantha, A. coerulea, A. desertorum, A. elegantula, A. eximia, A. flavescens, A. formosa, A. hinckleyana, A. jonesii, A. laramiensis, A. longissima, A. micrantha, A. pubescens, A. saximontana, A. scopulorum, A. shockleyi, A. vulgaris
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 533. (1753) Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 24. (1829)
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