Aphanes arvensis |
Aphanes occidentalis |
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field parsley-piert, western lady's-mantle |
ladie's mantle, lady's mantle, western lady's mantle, western parsley-piert |
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Habit | Plants slender or relatively robust, densely hairy throughout, hairs, at least some, more than 1 mm. | Plants slender, sparsely to densely hairy, hairs less than 1 mm. |
Stems | ± erect or spreading, usually branched from base, 2–20(–30) cm. |
erect or ascending, simple or branched from base, 1–10(–15) cm. |
Leaves | 6–16 mm; stipules overlapping, 4–10 mm, divided 1/3–1/2 their length, lobes 8–12, on distal nodes ± triangular, length 1–2(–4) times as long as width; petiole free from stipules in proximal and distal leaves; blade 4–10 mm, divided into 3–4 segments, each segment 3–4(–5)-lobed. |
3–9 mm; stipules overlapping only distally, 2–3(–4) mm, lobes on distal nodes ovate, length 2/3–1 times undivided portion; petiole free from stipules in proximal leaves, adnate in distal ones; blade 2–5 mm, divided ca. 1/3 length, each segment 4–6-lobed, ovate, length 1.8–3 times width. |
Inflorescences | opposing leaves, dense, flowers not completely hidden. |
opposing leaves, open, flowers tending to become exposed. |
Pedicels | less than 1 mm. |
to 2 mm. |
Flowers | 1.3–1.8 × 0.8–1 mm, 1.5–2.5 mm in fruit; epicalyx bractlets 0–0.1 mm; hypanthium ovoid to ellipsoid, contracted at apex, 8-ribbed, spreading-erect hairy in proximal 2/3, glabrescent in distal 1/3; sepals ± spreading to erect, 0.4–0.7 mm, long-ciliate. |
0.5–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, 1–1.5 mm in fruit; epicalyx bractlets 0–0.5 mm; hypanthium ovoid to globose, contracted or not at apex, faintly ribbed; sepals connivent to spreading, 0.2–0.6 mm, ciliate. |
Fruits | (1.6–)1.8–2.3(–2.5) mm. |
0.8–1 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
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Aphanes arvensis |
Aphanes occidentalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Fields, usually on sandy soil, mossy and grassy sites, moist shade, gravelly roadsides, shady, bare patches in lawns, shallow soil pockets on rocky seashores, meadows, hillsides | Vernally moist grasslands, chaparral, woodlands, clearings, rocky outcrops, cliffs, sandy beaches, waste ground, roadsides |
Elevation | 0–150 m (0–500 ft) | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; DE; GA; ID; NJ; OR; WA; BC; NS; Europe; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Three races of Aphanes occidentalis are recognizable, apparently corresponding to previously described species. Some apparently intermediate plants exist, and not all specimens can be confidently assigned to these races, which are, therefore, not recognized as formal taxa here. The names under which they have been recognized and their distinguishing features and distributions are as follows: Aphanes cuneifolia (Nuttall) Rydberg: hypanthium and calyx ovoid, 1 mm, smooth, often subglabrous; hypanthium contracted at apex, not densely hairy; epicalyx bractlets often present; sepals erect-connivent, 0.3–0.4 mm, 1/4–1/3 flower length. California; Mexico (Baja California). Aphanes macrosepala Rydberg: hypanthium not contracted at apex, usually densely hairy, hairs spreading; epicalyx bractlets present; sepals spreading-erect, 0.5 mm, ca. 1/3 flower length. California, Oregon, Washington. Aphanes occidentalis in the narrow sense: hypanthium and calyx ellipsoid, 1.5 mm, ± ribbed, sparsely short-hairy; hypanthium contracted at apex, not densely hairy; epicalyx bractlets usually absent; sepals usually connivent, 0.3–0.4 mm, 1/4–1/3 flower length. British Columbia; California, Oregon, Washington. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 310. | FNA vol. 9, p. 311. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Alchemilla arvensis | Alchemilla occidentalis |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 123. (1753) | (Nuttall) Rydberg: in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 22: 380. (1908) |
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