Flora of North America species comparison

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Aphanes

Rosaceae subfam. rosoideae

parsley-piert, piert
Habit Herbs, annual, prostrate to ascending, 0.1–3 dm, soft-hairy; taprooted. Herbs, shrubs, or subshrubs.
Stems

1–10+, erect, ascending, or spreading.

Leaves

not persistent, cauline, alternate, simple (deeply lobed);

stipules persistent, free or distally adnate to petiole, asymmetric, ± orbicular to ovate, margins lobed;

petiole present, short;

blade cuneate, 0.2–1 cm, herbaceous, deeply divided into 2–3(–5) segments, each segment (1–)2–3(–6)-lobed, margins flat, entire, venation pinnate.

alternate, rarely opposite, pinnately compound, sometimes simple or palmately compound;

stipules present, rarely absent.
Inflorescences

lateral, 4–12-flowered, condensed cymes, often hidden by stipules;

bracts absent;

bracteoles absent.

Pedicels

present.

Flowers

0.7–1.1 mm diam.;

epicalyx bractlets (0–)4;

hypanthium subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid, 0.7–2 mm;

sepals 4, connivent or erect to spreading, ovate to narrowly triangular;

petals 0;

stamens 1(or 2);

torus absent or reduced;

carpel 1, hairy, styles basal, stigmas capitate;

ovule 1.

torus usually enlarged, sometimes small or absent;

carpels 1–260(–450), distinct, free, styles distinct, rarely connate (Roseae);

ovules 1(or 2), collateral (Rubeae) or superposed (Fallugia, Filipendula).
Fruits

achenes, 1, narrowly ovoid, 0.8–2.5 mm;

hypanthium persistent;

sepals persistent, erect;

styles deciduous.

achenes or aggregated achenes sometimes with fleshy, urn-shaped hypanthium or enlarged torus, sometimes aggregated drupelets;

styles persistent or deciduous, not elongate (elongate but not plumose in Geum).
x

= 8.

= 7(8).

Aphanes

Rosaceae subfam. rosoideae
Distribution
from USDA
North America; nw Mexico; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in s South America, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia
Discussion

Species ca. 20 (3 in the flora).

On the basis of molecular studies, R. Gehrke et al. (2008) have suggested that Aphanes and the Central America and South American Lachemilla (Focke) Rydberg should be included in a more broadly circumscribed Alchemilla. Both Aphanes and Lachemilla were shown to be monophyletic groups as is Alchemilla, apart from the African species currently placed in that genus; these form a clade separate from Alchemilla as represented in North America and Eurasia. The African species deserve more thorough investigation before such a morphologically distinct genus as Aphanes is abandoned.

The highly reduced nature of plants of Aphanes, coupled with their high dispersibility, complicates circumscription of species in the genus. The most recent treatments recognize a number of endemic species in South America, Europe, and North Africa, particularly in regions with Mediterranean climates. The extent to which these, and those recognizable in western North America, represent native radiations versus multiple introductions remains to be determined.

Measurements of flowers apply collectively to the length of the hypanthium and calyx measured in fruit.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Variation in the number of genera in subfam. Rosoideae is due to differences in generic delimitation between D. Potter et al. (2007) and the authors of some Potentilleae genera. Cyanogenic glycosides and sorbitol are absent in the subfamily.

Tribes 6, genera 28–35, species ca. 1600 (6 tribes, 26 genera, 302 species, including 1 hybrid, in the flora)

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Flowers 1.5–2.5 mm in fruit, sepals ± spreading to erect; leaf blades 4–10 mm; petioles free from stipules in proximal and distal leaves; stems 2–20(–30) cm; at least some hairs more than 1 mm; most stipule lobes on distal nodes ± triangular, 1–2(–4) times as long as wide.
A. arvensis
1. Flowers 1–1.5 mm in fruit, sepals connivent to spreading; leaf blades 2–5 mm; petioles adnate to stipules in distal leaves; stems 1–10(–22) cm; hairs less than 1 mm; most stipule lobes on distal nodes oblong or ovate, usually 2/3–1 times as long as wide
→ 2
2. Inflorescences dense, flowers tending to remain hidden; pedicels usually less than 1 mm; sepals 0.2 mm, connivent; epicalyx bractlets minute (less than 0.1 mm) or absent; stipules overlapping, lobes oblong, almost equal to undivided portion; leaf blades 5 mm, divided into 3 segments.
A. australis
2. Inflorescences open, flowers tending to become exposed; pedicels to 2 mm; sepals 0.2–0.6 mm, connivent to spreading; epicalyx bractlets 0–0.5 mm; stipules overlapping only distally, lobes ovate, 2/3–1 times undivided portion; leaf blades 2–5 mm, 4–6-lobed.
A. occidentalis
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 309. Authors: John McNeill, Barbara Ertter. FNA vol. 9, p. 23. Author: Luc Brouillet.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae Rosaceae
Subordinate taxa
A. arvensis, A. australis, A. occidentalis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 123. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 59. (1754) Arnott: Botany, 107. (1832)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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