The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

kidney vetch

common kidney-vetch, vulnéraire

Habit Herbs [shrubs], biennial or perennial [annual], unarmed. Herbs with slender taproots.
Stems

erect, ascending, or decumbent, sericeous or hirsute.

1–12, simple or branched from distal leaf axils, 5–60 cm.

Leaves

alternate, odd-pinnate;

stipules present [absent];

petiolate;

leaflets (1–)9–15, blade margins entire, surfaces short-sericeous abaxially, glabrous adaxially.

uniformly distributed along stem or absent in distal 1/3;

stipules caducous, dark, linear, relatively small, proximal pair of leaflets sometimes bent toward stem, forming false stipules;

basal leaves 2–8 cm, reduced to terminal leaflet or with a much larger terminal leaflet and 2–8 reduced lateral leaflets;

cauline leaves 2–7, leaflet blades ovate to elliptic or oblong to linear-lanceolate, ± equal, apex acute, sometimes apiculate.

Racemes

2–5, hemispheric or globose, 2–3 cm;

bracts palmately lobed, divided 1/2 their lengths, lobes acute or obtuse;

prophyll 3-lobed, at midpoint or apex of peduncle;

bracteoles dark, relatively small.

Inflorescences

5–25+-flowered, terminal [axillary], headlike racemes or umbels;

bracts present [absent];

prophylls present or absent.

Peduncles

5–16 cm.

Flowers

papilionaceous;

calyx tubular [campanulate], lobes 5, often accrescent, pubescent;

corolla yellow or reddish;

stamens 10, monadelphous, [diadelphous or adaxial distinct to 1/2 its length, or at first all connate into a closed tube, distally becoming partly or entirely distinct];

anthers dorsifixed.

sessile, 10–15 mm;

calyx 7–10 × 3–4 mm, contracted apically, mouth oblique, lobes unequal, adaxial 2 ± coherent, off-white or gray, apex sometimes purple;

corolla 12–15 mm, blades long-clawed;

banner ovate, base truncate or auriculate;

wings ovate, obtuse;

keel obtuse or apiculate, shorter than wings, incurved, inflated laterally, often adnate to base of staminal tube;

filaments thickened distally, enclosed in corolla;

anthers uniform;

ovary usually stalked, rarely subsessile;

style glabrous;

stigma terminal.

Fruits

legumes, stipitate [sessile], straight, falcate, or arcuate, constricted between seeds or not, flattened-ovoid [short-linear], winged or not, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent, glabrous.

Legumes

brown, 3–4 mm, included in calyx, surfaces reticulate.

Seeds

1 or 2, globose to ovoid.

brown or bicolored, 2.4–3.2 × 1.6–2 mm, 0.8–1.2 mm thick, smooth or tubercled, sometimes with slight lateral indentation;

hilum ventral, whitish with darker border, round.

x

= 6.

2n

= 12 (Europe).

Anthyllis

Anthyllis vulneraria

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jul.
Habitat Waste places, ballast, disturbed ground, dry calcareous open gravel and adjacent grassy areas, chalk cliffs, hayfields, roadsides.
Elevation 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
IL; MI; WI; MB; NB; NF; ON; Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 25 (1 in the flora).

The term prophyll is used here to include small bractlike structures on the peduncles in genera of the Loteae that are distinct from the bases of flowers and not bracts themselves, which sit adjacent to the calyces (Z. V. Akulova et al. 2000; D. D. Sokoloff et al. 2007).

In Europe, Anthyllis is cultivated for animal forage and is also used in cosmetics for skin care; it is an ancient remedy for skin eruptions, slow-healing wounds, and cuts and bruises. In traditional medicine, it is used as an astringent, laxative, antitussive, and antitoxin. Several species are cultivated as ornamentals. Some species have root nodules of the Phaseolus type.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Reports of Anthyllis vulneraria from British Columbia (C. Rothfels 2004; J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham 1999) could not be substantiated. Historical records exist for the species in the following provinces and states: Canada: Alberta, Quebec; United States: California, Connecticut, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Vermont.

Anthyllis vulneraria is a very polymorphic species, including about 35 subspecies that are sometimes treated as species, and intermediate forms and hybrids occur. Rarely, it was used historically in North America as a forage crop. In North America, three subspecies have been identified from herbarium records. Subspecies maritima (Schweigger) Corbierei has been found in Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Ontario; it can be recognized by its sericeous stem, concolorous calyx with two straight upper lobes, and yellow corolla. Subspecies vulneraria (historically more widespread in the flora area) is distinguished by its bicolored calyx with a dark red apex and coherent two upper lobes. One sample from New York (1880) was identified as subsp. rubriflora (de Candolle) Arcangeli; it is distinguished by its calyx with a purple apex, red corolla, and hirsute stem.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. Author: Zoya V. Akulova-Barlow. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Anthyllis
Subordinate taxa
A. vulneraria
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 719. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 321. (1754) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 719. (1753)
Web links