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annual vernal grass, awn vernalgrass, vernalgrass

California sweet grass, vanilla grass

Habit Plants annual. Plants perennial; loosely cespitose or the culms solitary, rhizomes elongate, 1-3 mm thick.
Culms

5-60 cm, often geniculate at the base, freely branched.

(4)60-90 cm.

Sheaths

scabrous to scabridulous;

ligules 1.5-4(6) mm, rounded to truncate;

blades 20-40 cm long, (3)5-15 mm wide, flat, rather stiffly erect, narrowing to the base, glabrous, often glaucous, veins widely spaced, cross venation evident on the abaxial surfaces;

flag leaf blades 3.5-10 cm.

Panicles

1-4 cm;

lowermost branches 8-12(15) mm;

pedicels 0.1-0.3 mm, pubescent.

8-13 cm long, (1)2-6 cm wide, diffuse, with slender, often drooping branches and 3+ spikelets per branch.

Spikelets

(4)5-9 mm;

lower glumes 3-5 mm;

upper glumes 5-7 mm;

sterile florets about 3 mm, awn of the first floret 3.5-5 mm, awn of the second floret 6-10 mm, exceeding the upper glumes by 2-3 mm;

fertile florets about 2 mm;

anthers 2, 2.8-4.1 mm.

4.5-6 mm, tawny or green to olive-green, sometimes infused with purple;

rachilla internodes 0.2-0.5 mm, glabrous.

Glumes

subequal, equaling or slightly exceeded by the apices of the bisexual florets;

lower glumes 4.5-5 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide;

upper glumes 3.5-5.2 mm long, 1-1.8 mm wide;

lowest 2 florets staminate;

lemmas usually mostly glabrous on the body, sometimes scattered-pubescent, scabridulous near the apices, margins usually pilose, apices rounded and shallowly bilobed, unawned or awned, awns to 1 mm;

first lemma 4-5 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, length more than 5 times width, narrowly elliptic;

bisexual lemmas 3.5-4.5 mm, margins pilose, particularly distally;

anthers 2-3.5 mm.

Auricles

to 0.5 mm, sometimes absent;

ligules 1-2(3) mm, obtuse to acute;

blades 0.8-6 cm long, 1-5 mm wide.

2n

= 10, 20,

= 42.

Anthoxanthum aristatum

Anthoxanthum occidentale

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; IA; IL; KY; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WA; WV; BC; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
from USDA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Anthoxanthum aristatum is native to Europe. It is now established but not common in the Flora region, being found in mesic to dry, open, disturbed habitats of western and eastern North America. North American plants belong to Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. subsp. aristatum, which differs from Anthoxanthum aristatum subsp. macranthum Valdes in having well-exserted awns and deeply bifid, sterile lemmas.

Hitchcock (1951) stated that another annual species of Anthoxanthum, A. gracile Biv., is occasionally cultivated for dry bouquets, but it does not appear to be widely available at present. It differs from A. aristatum in having longer (10-12 mm) spikelets and simple or sparingly branched culms.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Anthoxanthum occidentale grows in moist to fairly dry forested areas, from Klickitat County, Washington, south to the coastal mountains of San Luis Obispo County, California. Its long flag leaf blades and more elongate spikelet parts make it easier to distinguish from A. hirtum than the key suggests.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 759. FNA vol. 24, p. 762.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Anthoxanthum Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Anthoxanthum
Sibling taxa
A. arcticum, A. hirtum, A. monticola, A. nitens, A. occidentale, A. odoratum
A. arcticum, A. aristatum, A. hirtum, A. monticola, A. nitens, A. odoratum
Synonyms A. puelii Hierochloe occidentals
Name authority Boiss. (Buckley) Veldkamp
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